Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40213103›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Association between Baltic sea diet and healthy Nordic diet index with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Amr Ali Mohamed Abdelgawwad El-Sehrawy, Mahmood Jawad, Yasir Mohammed Hammood, Suhas Ballal, Manish Srivastava, Jaafaru Sani Mohammed, Renu Arya, Rishiv Kalia, Jawad Kadhim Ahmed, Muthena Kareem

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Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Amr Ali Mohamed Abdelgawwad El-SehrawyDiabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism University, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Mahmood JawadDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq.
Yasir Mohammed HammoodCollege of Physical Education and Sport Science, Almaarif University, Anbar, Iraq.
Suhas BallalDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Manish SrivastavaDepartment of Endocrinology, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Jaafaru Sani MohammedMedical Analysis Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.
Renu AryaChandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Rishiv KaliaCentre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
Jawad Kadhim AhmedDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
Muthena KareemDepartment of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Backgrounds: Recent evidence shows the beneficial effects of Baltic Sea diet score (BSDS) and healthy Nordic diet index (HNDI) on chronic diseases; however, there is no evidence to investigate them on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between BSDS and HNDI with the risk of T2DM. Methods: This study used a case-control design with participants aged 18 to 60 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the last six months (225 cases, 450 controls). The evaluation of BSDS and HNDI employed a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Binary logistic regression was used to determine how OBS and T2DM are related. Results: The mean scores for the BSDS and HNDI were 16.00 ± 2.49 and 11.99 ± 2.61, respectively. The final model, which accounted for confounding variables, indicated that increased adherence to the HNDI is associated with a reduced likelihood of developing T2DM (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.18-0.98; p for trend = 0.043). Additionally, a significant association was observed between lower likelihood of T2DM and higher BSDS scores in both unadjusted (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.77; p for trend = 0.001) and adjusted (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.89; p for trend = 0.003) models. Conclusion: Our research shows that following a Nordic diet significantly reduces the risk of T2DM. Commitment to this dietary pattern may also reduce related risk factors. Further longitudinal studies across diverse populations are needed to validate these findings.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, HealthyAdolescentAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultBaltic Sea dietdietary indiceshealthy Nordic diet indexT2DMtype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40213103
PMCPMC11983394

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.