Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40214965›Full record

Trial reportHormones (Athens, Greece)2025

Comparative evaluation of dulaglutide alone vs. dulaglutide combined with probiotics on cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM.

Jinxia Tian, Yanfei Yang, Zijuan Yu, Yang Gao, Xiaochun Zong, Qiaojuan Wu, Haiyan Su, Wenjuan Cao, Dandan Xu

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jinxia Tian *The First Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
Yanfei Yang *The First Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
Zijuan YuThe First Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China. yuzijuanhb@21cn.com.
Yang GaoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
Xiaochun ZongThe First Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
Qiaojuan WuThe First Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
Haiyan SuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui, Hengshui, 053000, Hebei, China.
Wenjuan CaoDepartment of Internal Medicine, the Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui, Hengshui, 053000, Hebei, China.
Dandan XuDepartment of Pharmacy, the Seventh People's Hospital of Hengshui, Hengshui, 053000, Hebei, China.

Funding

Scientific research project of Hebei Provincial Health Commission (No. 20232063)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effects of dulaglutide alone versus dulaglutide combined with probiotics on cardiovascular risk factors, pancreatic beta-cell function, and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

methodsSixty overweight/obese adults with T2DM (HbA1c 6.5-11%, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²) were randomized to a control group (dulaglutide 1.5 mg/week + placebo) or an intervention group (dulaglutide 1.5 mg/week + probiotics containing Bifidobacterium longum, 2 × 10⁹ CFU/dose) for 12 weeks. Outcomes included glycemic control (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], 2-hour postprandial glucose [2hPG]), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP), cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipids), gut microbiota, and safety.

resultsThe intervention group showed greater reductions in HbA1c (- 1.06% vs. -0.35%, P = 0.028), FPG (- 4.16 vs. -3.92 mmol/L, P = 0.010), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α: -43.6% vs. -33.3%, P < 0.001). Pancreatic beta-cell function improved significantly (HOMA-β: +34.7% vs. +23.1%, P = 0.034), with increased beneficial gut microbiota (Lactobacillus: +2.1 × 10⁶ vs. +1.3 × 10⁶ CFU/g, P < 0.001). Hypertension incidence (0% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.038) and dyslipidemia (0% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.020) were lower in the intervention group. Both regimens were well-tolerated, with no severe hypoglycemia or renal/hepatic toxicity.

conclusionCombining dulaglutide with probiotics enhances glycemic control, reduces inflammation, and improves cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM more effectively than dulaglutide alone, likely through gut microbiota modulation. This dual approach offers a promising strategy for T2DM management, though larger long-term trials are needed to confirm cardiovascular benefits.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsProbioticsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsAdultAgedBlood GlucoseFemaleGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGlycated HemoglobinHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleBlood GlucosedulaglutideGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCardiovascular risk factorsDulaglutideGut microbiotaInflammationProbioticsT2DM

Identifiers

PMID40214965

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.