ArticleScience advances2025
Female sex hormones exacerbate retinal neurodegeneration.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional and Structural Characterization of a Large Animal Model of RDH5-Associated Retinopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Retinal photographs to predict life's essential 8 for cardiovascular risk stratification: a novel deep-learning-based tool.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- Enhancing Experience-Dependent Plasticity Accelerates Vision Loss in a Murine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Selective deletion ofiScience · 2026Article
- Disruption of estrogen signaling by developmental exposure to BPA and TBT causes long term functional deficits in zebrafish retina.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Estrogen receptor 1 activation suppresses microglia-derived Tnf-α signaling as a photoreceptor self-protection mechanism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- A Mouse Photoreceptor Proteome Resource Identifies PALS2/MPP6 as a Novel Pan-Cone Photoreceptor Marker.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Sex differences on tau, astrocytic, and neurodegenerative plasma biomarkers.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and macular degeneration represent major sources of human suffering, yet factors influencing disease severity remain poorly understood. Sex has been implicated as one modifying factor. Here, we show that female sex is a risk factor for worsened outcomes in a model of retinal degeneration and that this susceptibility is caused by the presence of female-specific sex hormones. The adverse effect of female sex hormones was specific to diseased retinal neurons, and depletion of these hormones ameliorated this phenotypic effect, while reintroduction worsened rates of disease in females. Transcriptional analysis of retinas showed significant differences between genes involved in pyroptosis, inflammatory responses, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis between males and females with retinal degeneration. These findings provide crucial insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and how sex hormones can affect disease severity. These findings have far-reaching implications for clinical trial design and the use of hormonal therapy in females with certain neurodegenerative disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.