Evidence mapPaperPMID 40217175Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025

The association of albumin-corrected anion gap and acute kidney injury in heart failure patients: a competing risk model analysis.

Ai-Fang Ruan, Jian-Wu Zheng, Shao-Qing Sun, Xu-Zhu Liu, Tie-Long Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Albumin-corrected anion gap and risk of mortality among US adults.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ai-Fang Ruan *Department of cardiovascular medicine, Hangzhou Lin'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
Jian-Wu Zheng *Department of cardiovascular medicine, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
Shao-Qing SunDepartment of cardiovascular medicine, Hangzhou Lin'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
Xu-Zhu LiuDepartment of cardiovascular medicine, Hangzhou Lin'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
Tie-Long ChenDepartment of cardiovascular medicine, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China. Ctlktz@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe combination of heart failure (HF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the mortality of patients. It is critical to identify HF patients who may have a high risk for AKI. Albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) is a new indicator, but there are no studies on ACAG and the risk of AKI in HF patients.

methodsData for HF patients was obtained from the MIMIC-IV database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the clinical value of ACAG in predicting AKI risk. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve were conducted to explore the relationship between ACAG and AKI. A competing risk model was developed to further investigate the relationship between ACAG on AKI.

resultsThe study analyzed 5,972 HF patients, with 49.82% (2886/5972) suffering from AKI. The prediction performance of ACAG on AKI was good (AUC:0.656). Continuous ACAG was associated with AKI after adjusting for various significant variables (Model 1: OR = 1.094, 95%CI: 1.078-1.110; Model 2: OR = 1.150, 95%CI: 1.133-1.166; Model 3: OR = 1.035, 95%CI. 1.017-1.054). All High ACAG groups showed a higher risk of AKI (all P < 0.001). ACAG was also linked to in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001). The competing risks model revealed that high ACAG was still a risk factor for AKI when in-hospital mortality served as a competing risk event (P < 0.001).

conclusionHigh ACAG was associated with the risk of AKI in HF patients. Clinicians can risk-stratify HF patients by combining ACAG levels.

Indexed as

Acid-Base EquilibriumAcute Kidney InjuryHeart FailureSerum Albumin, HumanAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersDatabases, FactualDecision Support TechniquesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisRetrospective StudiesALB protein, humanBiomarkersSerum Albumin, HumanAcute kidney injuryAlbumin-corrected anion gapCompeting riskHeart failurePrognosis

Identifiers

PMID40217175
PMCPMC11987305

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.