Evidence mapPaperPMID 40217302Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2025

Atrophy trajectories in Alzheimer's disease: how sex matters.

Anna Inguanzo, Konstantinos Poulakis, Javier Oltra, Silvia Maioli, Anna Marseglia, Daniel Ferreira, Rosaleena Mohanty, Eric Westman, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Sex differences inFrontiers in dementia · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease in Women.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Anna InguanzoDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. anna.inguanzo.pons@ki.se.
Konstantinos PoulakisDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Javier OltraAging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Silvia MaioliDivision of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Anna MarsegliaDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Daniel FerreiraDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Rosaleena MohantyDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eric WestmanDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. eric.westman@ki.se.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Funding

David och Astrid Hageléns Stiftelse 2024-03660
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLongitudinal subtypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified based on their distinct brain atrophy trajectories, encompassing mediotemporal and cortical pathways. These subtypes include minimal atrophy, limbic predominant, limbic predominant plus, diffuse atrophy and hippocampal sparing. The impact of sex on the progression of these subtypes remains a crucial area of investigation.

methodsWe analysed MRI data from 320 amyloid-β positive individuals with AD from three international cohorts (ADNI, J-ADNI and AIBL). Longitudinal clustering was conducted to identify atrophy trajectories over eight years from the clinical disease onset, with separate trajectories delineated for women and men.

resultsWomen consistently exhibited earlier hippocampal atrophy and a higher burden of white matter abnormalities compared to men, yet women displayed less cognitive decline over time. Additionally, specific risk factors and distinct neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with sex within specific trajectories.

conclusionsAD subtypes show sex-specific differences in disease progression, highlighting the need to account for these differences from the early disease stages. Integrating imaging biomarkers with sex differences can enable the identification of more precise treatments for each patient, ensuring that both women and men have equal access to tailored care.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrainSex CharacteristicsAgedAged, 80 and overAtrophyCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleAlzheimer’s diseaseCognitionDisease progressionMRISex differencesSubtypes

Identifiers

PMID40217302
PMCPMC11987288

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.