Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40217501›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2025

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer's disease progression in Down syndrome.

Melissa R Jenkins, Jamie C Peven, Lauren Kubic, Benjamin L Handen, Sharon J Krinsky-McHale, Christy L Hom, Alice Lee, Dana L Tudorascu, Max McLachlan, Matthew Zammit and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. A Review of Clinical Trials in Down Syndrome.International review of research in developmental disabilities · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Melissa R JenkinsWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Jamie C PevenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Lauren KubicDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Benjamin L HandenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Sharon J Krinsky-McHaleDepartment of Psychology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
Christy L HomDepartment of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Alice LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Dana L TudorascuDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Max McLachlanWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Matthew ZammitWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Davneet MinhasDepartment of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
Weiquan LuoDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
Charles LaymonDepartment of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
Joseph H LeeTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Sergievsky Center, and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Ira LottDepartment of Neurology, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Annie CohenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Beau M AncesDepartment of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
H Diana RosasDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Florence LaiDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Shahid H ZamanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Elizabeth HeadDepartment of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Mark MapstoneDepartment of Neurology, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Bradley T ChristianWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Sigan L HartleyWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. slhartley@wisc.edu.
Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium - Down syndrome

Funding

University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2016 to 2025
$129.3M
Project 3: Biomarkers for DS Clinical TrialsU19AG068054 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ANCES, BEAU M · 2020 to 2025
$103.7M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR002373 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ELIZABETH S BURNSIDE, Allan R. Brasier · 2017 to 2026
$75.9M
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ALZHEIMERS DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERP50AG005681 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MORRIS, JOHN · 1985 to 2019
$52.1M
Satellite Diagnostic and Treatment Clinic CoreP50AG008702 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 1989 to 2019
$46.3M
TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP50AG005133 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SWEET, ROBERT A · 1985 to 2019
$43.0M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062421 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Christine S Ritchie · 2019 to 2026
$36.5M
University of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1M
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sanjay Asthana · 2019 to 2026
$34.5M
Research Education CoreP30AG066462 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI PHILIP L DE JAGER · 2020 to 2026
$30.1M
National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias U24 AG21886NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062421NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005133NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005681NIA NIH HHS P50 AG008702NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051406NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051412NIA NIH HHS U19 AG068054NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105353NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007489NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD087011NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD090256
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdults with Down syndrome (DS) have a 90% lifetime risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with neurobiological pathology present decades prior to dementia onset. The profile and timing of cognitive decline in DS is well-documented. However, there is a small body of research on whether Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) occur early on in the progression of AD in DS and are associated with early AD pathology (i.e., amyloid-beta [Aβ] and neurofibrillary tau tangles [NFT]).

methodsData were analyzed from 337 adults with DS (M = 45.13 years, SD = 9.53 years) enrolled in a large cohort study. The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior (RSMB) measured common behaviors reported in BPSD across up to four study cycles (spaced approximately 16 months apart). Linear mixed models estimated change in BPSD as predicted by baseline (a) dementia status (i.e., cognitively stable, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], or dementia), (b) Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [

resultsCompared to cognitively stable participants, participants whose status was MCI or dementia, had significantly higher baseline RSMB subdomain scores. Increases in RSMB Depression-Behavioral, Depression-Physical, and Psychosis were observed for participants with MCI. Higher baseline Aβ and NFT were associated with higher RSMB Avoidant at baseline, and increases in RSMB Depression-Physical and Psychosis over time.

conclusionsBPSD are an important part of AD in DS, particularly during the prodromal stage. Elevated Aβ and NFT predict higher initial avoidance and change in physical depression behaviors and may indicate MCI in adults with DS. Broader increases in BPSD are observed as adults with DS progress from early to late-stage dementia. Clinicians should rule out other possible causes of BPSD when screening for AD, such as stressful life experiences or co-occurring medical conditions. Caregivers of adults with DS should have resources on BPSD management and self-care strategies.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionDementiaDown SyndromeAdultAgedAmyloid beta-PeptidesCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPositron-Emission TomographyAmyloid beta-PeptidesAlzheimer’s diseaseAmyloidDown syndromePsychiatric symptomsTau

Identifiers

PMID40217501
PMCPMC11987311

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.