SynthesisNutrients2025
The Association Between Lifestyle Interventions and Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A Systematic-Narrative Hybrid Literature Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Short-Term Mediterranean Dietary Intervention Reduces Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Levels in Healthy Individuals.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Article
- Gut metabolites: key factors in the cross-talk between the gut microbiota and tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Blood plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and related metabolites and asthenozoospermia odds: a hospital-based matched case-control study in China.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut- and food-derived molecule. Elevated TMAO concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, highlighting its significance as a potential biomarker for adverse health outcomes. Given these associations, it is hypothesized that lifestyle interventions, such as healthy dietary patterns and exercise, could reduce TMAO concentrations. The aim of this systematic-narrative hybrid literature review was to evaluate the relationship between various lifestyle interventions and TMAO.
methodsMEDLINE (via PubMed
resultsIn total, 27 studies were included in this review. While some dietary interventions, such as plant-based, high-dairy, very low-calorie ketogenic diet or the Mediterranean diet, were associated with lower TMAO concentrations, others-including high-protein and high-fat diets-were linked to an increase in TMAO concentrations. Studies that incorporated a combination of nutrition and exercise-based intervention presented neutral results.
conclusionsThe relationship between dietary interventions and TMAO concentration remains controversial. While certain interventions show promise in reducing TMAO levels, others yield mixed or contradictory outcomes. Further research, including well-structured RCTs, is needed to investigate the aforementioned associations.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.