Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40219653›Full record

SynthesisHIV research & clinical practice2025

Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023.

Maria Magdalene Namaganda, Hussein Mukasa Kafeero, Joyce Nakatumba Nabende, David Patrick Kateete, Charles Batte, Misaki Wanyengera, Daudi Jjingo, Moses Joloba, Florence Kivunike, Isaac Ssewanyana and 8 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in HIV research & clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Maria Magdalene NamagandaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Hussein Mukasa KafeeroDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Habib Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
Joyce Nakatumba NabendeDepartment of Computer Science, School of Computing and Information Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
David Patrick KateeteDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Charles BatteDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Misaki WanyengeraDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Daudi JjingoThe African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Science (ACE), Kampala, Uganda.
Moses JolobaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Florence KivunikeDepartment of Computer Science, School of Computing and Information Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Isaac SsewanyanaUganda National Health Laboratory Services, Kampala, Uganda.
Yunus MiyaThe AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda.
Darius KatoThe AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda.
Simple OumaThe AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda.
Frederick Elishama KakemboDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Stephen KanyereziThe African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Science (ACE), Kampala, Uganda.
Jupiter Marina KabahiitaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Fahad MuwandaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Gerald MboowaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

Makerere University Data Science Research Training to Strengthen Evidence-Based Health Innovation, Intervention and Policy (MakDARTA)U2RTW012116 · FIC · MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES · PI William Checkley, Moses Lutaakome Joloba · 2021 to 2026
$2.0M
FIC NIH HHS U2R TW012116
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVirological failure (VF) significantly threatens the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in East Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the prevalence and predictors of VF among individuals living with HIV.

methodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and EMBASE for relevant studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the

resultsTwenty-five records were included, with a sample size of 29,829 people living with HIV on ART. The pooled prevalence of VF in East Africa was 19.4% (95% CI: 15.2%-24.0%), with substantial heterogeneity across studies. Sociodemographic predictors of VF included male sex (30.9%,

conclusionSociodemographic factors, advanced HIV disease, co-morbidities, poor adherence, and specific first-line ART regimens are key predictors of virological failure. Targeted, multidisciplinary interventions focusing on routine viral load monitoring, adherence support, and addressing socioeconomic barriers are essential to improve ART outcomes in East Africa.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsAnti-Retroviral AgentsHIV InfectionsAdultAfrica, EasternFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceTreatment FailureViral LoadAnti-HIV AgentsAnti-Retroviral Agents‘East Africa’‘HIV’‘Predictors’‘prevalence’‘virological failure’

Identifiers

PMID40219653
PMCPMC12182973

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.