ReviewThe European journal of neuroscience2025
The Locus Coeruleus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders.
Review in The European journal of neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bilateral transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of insomnia in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Stress and Parkinson's disease: from dysfunctional detection to impaired handling: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- The locus coeruleus at the crossroads of inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The Oral-Brain Axis: A Unified Framework Linking Trigeminal Sensorimotor Dysfunction, Chronic Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Early life stress induces sex-specific changes in cognitive and affective behavior associated with disrupted noradrenergic physiology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Metabolic Brain Disorders: Prodromes, Symptoms, and Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Stress, stress systems, and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Impact of chronic alcohol and stress on midlife cognition and locus coeruleus integrity in mice.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-dependent locus coeruleus vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease: gut dysbiosis as a driver and probiotic intervention as rescue.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Mapping the Central Autonomic Network Nodes Integrating Cardiovascular and Metabolic Control.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- A Glutamatergic Medial Prefrontal Cortex-Locus Coeruleus Circuit Drives Intestinal Dysmotility in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Structural, functional and neurochemical imaging mapping of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as a neuromodulatory target for refractory epilepsy.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Review
- Filtering the noise: a cerebellar-centered framework for understanding and treating mental illness -a paradigm shift in psychiatry.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Impact of Sex on the Median Effective Dose of Dexmedetomidine for Preoperative Sedation in Adults Undergoing Upper Limb Surgery: An Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treating Emotional Dysregulation and Inflammation in Common Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Distinct Swimming Behavioral Phenotypes Following Serotonin and Dopamine Transporter Modulation in the Adult Zebrafish Novel Tank Diving Test (NTT).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of chronic alcohol and stress on mid-life cognition and locus coeruleus integrity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Basal Sympathetic Nervous System Functioning in Autism: A Systematic Review of Neurochemical Studies.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system is involved in mediating a wide array of functions, including attention, arousal, cognition, and stress response. Dysregulation of the LC-NE system is strongly linked with several stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting the LC's pivotal role in the development of these disorders. Located in the dorsal pontine tegmental area, the LC contains noradrenergic neurons that serve as the main source of NE in the central nervous system. Activation of the LC and subsequent release of NE at different levels of the neuroaxis is adaptive, allowing the body to adjust appropriately amid a challenging stimulus. However, prolonged and repeated LC activation leads to maladaptive responses that implicate LC-NE dysfunction in stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. As the primary initiator of the stress response, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Following the discovery of CRF more than four decades ago, numerous studies established that CRF also acts as a neurotransmitter that governs the activity of other neurotransmitters in the brain neurotransmitter system. The LC-NE system receives abundant CRF afferents arising from several brain nuclei. CRF afferents to LC-NE are activated and recruited in the pathogenesis of stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Presented in this review are the CRF neuroanatomical connectivity and physiological characteristics that modulate LC-NE function, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, this review illustrates the contribution of LC-NE to the apparent sex-dependent differences in stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, the LC-NE system is a promising target for the development of therapeutic strategies for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.