Fractional order modeling of prostate cancer with pulsed treatment and the impact of effector cell killing and cell competition.

Hicham Saber, Hussien Albala, Tariq Aljaaidi, Yousef Jawarneh, Abdelkader Moumen, Khaled Aldwoah

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hicham SaberDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Hussien AlbalaDepartment of Computer Sciences, College of Sciences & Arts, Tanomah, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Tariq AljaaidiDepartment of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Smart Computing, Modern Specialized University, Sana'a, Yemen. tariq10011@gmail.com.

Yousef JawarnehDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Abdelkader MoumenDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Khaled AldwoahDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, 42351, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. aldwoah@iu.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This manuscript illustrates a fractional-order mathematical model for prostate cancer (PC) growth under pulsed treatment, incorporating the effects of effector cell killing and competition between androgen-dependent (AD) and androgen-independent (AI) PC cells. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions using fixed-point theorems (Leray-Schauder and Banach) and investigate Ulam-Hyers stability to assess the model's solution stability under the fractional order. Numerical results are obtained via the fractional Euler method for simulation of the model at various fractional orders. Graphical results illustrate the model's dynamics, and the impact of key parameters, including the effector cell killing rate and inter-cell competition, is investigated. These findings provide insights into the complex interplay between treatment, immune response, and cancer cell dynamics, potentially informing therapeutic strategies for PC.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalProstatic NeoplasmsComputer SimulationHumansMaleModels, TheoreticalCaputo operatorEuler methodProstate cancerStability

Identifiers

PMID40221526

DOI10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.05.061

PMCPMC11993709

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.