SynthesisBMC neurology2025
Bilirubin as a predictor of severity and adverse clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hepatorenal and Full Blood Count Profiles of Stroke Survivors Compared With Controls: A Case-Control Study.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Transforming Toxicity into Therapy: Exploring Bilirubin's Benefits and Its Molecular Role in Cardiac Health and Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Toward Precision Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Medicine: Integrating Molecular, Imaging, and Computational Biomarkers for Functional Outcome Prediction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Bilirubin Hepatic and Intestinal Transport and Catabolism: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Benefits.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Predictive value of the admission IBIL/TBIL ratio for poor prognosis after surgical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis review aims to comprehensively examine the role of bilirubin in predicting severity and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
methodsWe searched the electronic PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science repositories for articles published in English available before the 15th of June 2024. The outcomes assessed were stroke severity, haemorrhagic transformation, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), mortality, and poor functional results.
resultsWe analysed data from 13 studies. Our meta-analysis showed that both total bilirubin (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19) and direct bilirubin (RR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.33-2.42) were independently associated with the severity of AIS. Higher quartiles of total bilirubin were associated with an increased risk of haemorrhagic transformation, but without statistical significance (RR, 2.34; 95% CI, 0.90-6.07). In addition, each unit increase in direct (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.43) and indirect (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17) bilirubin levels was significantly associated with a higher risk of haemorrhagic transformation. Moreover, each unit increases in total (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12), direct (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.44), and indirect (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.18) bilirubin levels was significantly associated with a higher risk of sICH. Data on mortality and poor functional outcomes were insufficient.
conclusionSerum bilirubin levels were positively associated with the severity of AIS. The evidence suggests that bilirubin may be a potential indicator for haemorrhagic transformation and sICH after AIS.
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