Current advances in the functional role of long non-coding RNAs in the oncogenesis and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review.

Background and Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a significant global health challenge characterized by increasing incidence and generally poor prognosis. The search for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in cancer research. The objective of this review is to explore the role of lncRNAs in ESCC, identifying their potential as diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide a strategic overview of lncRNAs in ESCC, emphasizing their significance in disease progression and clinical implications for patient management. Methods: To identify published lncRNAs biomarkers for diagnosing or predicting the course of ESCC, we performed a literature search in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases, utilizing specific search terms. Key Content and Findings: This paper reviews the critical role of lncRNAs in ESCC and explores their functions in tumourigenesis and metastasis. Differential expression of lncRNAs is closely related to tumour aggressiveness and patient prognosis. Up-regulated lncRNAs usually promote tumour growth and predict poor prognosis, whereas down-regulated lncRNAs exert oncogenic effects and are associated with better clinical outcomes. In addition, lncRNAs play a role in the tumour microenvironment, influencing immune escape and treatment resistance. Despite the promising role of lncRNAs in ESCC therapy, their heterogeneity and complex regulatory mechanisms remain a challenge for clinical application. Future studies should focus on revealing their specific mechanisms and developing precise targeted therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of ESCC patients. The dysregulation of lncRNAs correlates with tumor aggression and patient prognosis, underscoring a need for targeted therapies. Understanding lncRNAs mechanisms could pave the way for personalized medicine, enhancing early detection, and treatment efficacy in ESCC. Conclusions: LncRNAs represent a novel frontier in ESCC research, with significant implications for patient management. Future studies should focus on deciphering lncRNAs functions within ESCC's molecular landscape to facilitate the development of effective targeted therapies. The integration of lncRNAs research into clinical practice is poised to transform ESCC treatment strategies, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.