ArticleKidney international reports2025
Pharmacokinetics and Side Effects of Δ
Article in Kidney international reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Population pharmacokinetic modelling revealed large variability in oromucosal absorption of ΔBritish journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Searching for Fire Amid the Smoke: Will Cannabinoids Prove Useful and Safe for Those With CKD?Kidney international reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the global population and is associated with a large symptom burden. Medicinal cannabis is advised against in patients with severe CKD. However, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic knowledge regarding their use in patients with CKD is lacking. Methods: We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and side effects of a single dose of Sativex, corresponding to 5.4 mg Δ Results: Twenty controls and 29 patients with CKD completed the study. The area under the curve (AUC) for THC (median [interquartile range]) was 2.76 (1.77-3.48), 4.16 (3.35-5.28), and 4.31 (3.16-5.42) h × ng/ml for controls, and for patients with CKD stages 4 and 5, respectively, with significant differences between patients with CKD and controls. AUC for CBD and metabolites, and other pharmacokinetic parameters, such as maximum concentration ( Conclusion: Total exposure to THC, CBD, and metabolites was higher in patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 compared with controls, and side effects may be more pronounced; however, the intersubject variability was high. If cannabis products are administered to patients with severe CKD, caution is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.