Evidence mapPaperPMID 40225951Full record

ReviewIntegrated pharmacy research & practice2025

Molecular Pharmacology of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1-Based Therapies in the Management of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.

Abdullah M Alzahrani, Ghada A Alshobragi, Abdullah M Alshehri, Majed S Alzahrani, Hasan A Alshehri, Rami M Alzhrani, Samah Basudan, Ayed A Alkatheeri, Salman A Almutairi, Yahya A Alzahrani

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Integrated pharmacy research & practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Incretin polyagonists as an alternative to bariatric surgery to manage obesity.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Abdullah M AlzahraniPharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia.
Ghada A AlshobragiPharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah M AlshehriPharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia.
Majed S AlzahraniPharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia.
Hasan A AlshehriPharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia.
Rami M AlzhraniDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Samah BasudanDepartment of Pharmacy, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ayed A AlkatheeriDrug Information Center, Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, 23816, Saudi Arabia.
Salman A AlmutairiGeneral Administration of Medical Services, Jeddah Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Yahya A AlzahraniKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7993-2959

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The global increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity presents a significant public health challenge, as these interconnected conditions contribute to severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain cancers. The incretin system, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its role in glycemic control and weight management. Objective: This review explores the molecular pharmacology of GLP-1 and its receptor agonists, evaluating their therapeutic efficacy in managing DM2 and obesity. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing recent advancements in GLP-1-based therapies, their mechanisms of action, and their clinical applications. The review also highlights the pharmacokinetic modifications developed to enhance the stability and efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Results: GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated significant benefits in improving glycemic control, reducing body weight, and addressing metabolic complications. Novel therapeutic approaches, including dual and triple incretin receptor agonists, are showing enhanced efficacy in both diabetes and obesity management. However, challenges remain in optimizing treatment outcomes, addressing patient variability, and improving long-term adherence. Conclusion: GLP-1-based therapies have revolutionized the management of DM2 and obesity. Continued research is essential to refine these treatments, overcome existing limitations, and develop personalized approaches to maximize patient outcomes.

Indexed as

GLP-1 receptor agonistsincretin hormonesmolecular pharmacologyobesity managementtype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40225951
PMCPMC11987703

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.