ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2025
Incretin-based drugs and the risk of gallbladder or biliary tract diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes across categories of body mass index: a nationwide cohort study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decoupling weight loss from organoprotective benefits in GLP-1RA, dual agonists, and SGLT2I therapy: A narrative review.Acta diabetologica · 2026Review
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Bile Acid Diarrhea: Emerging Evidence and Clinical Implications.Cureus · 2026Review
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and gallbladder disease risk: insights into molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite emerging evidence of gallbladder or biliary tract diseases (GBD) risk regarding incretin-based drugs, population-specific safety profile considering obesity is lacking. We aimed to assess whether stratification by body mass index (BMI) modifies the measures of association between incretin-based drugs and the risk of GBD. Methods: We conducted an active-comparator, new-user cohort study using a nationwide claims data (2013-2022) of Korea. We included type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients stratified by Asian BMI categories: Normal, 18.5 to <23 kg/m Findings: New users of DPP4i and SGLT2i were 1:1 PS matched (n = 251,420 pairs; 186,697 obese, 39,974 overweight, and 24,749 normal weight pairs). The overall HR for the risk of GBD with DPP4i vs. SGLT2i was 1.21 (95% CI 1.14-1.28), with no effect modification by BMI (p-value: 0.83). For the second cohort, new users of GLP1RA and SGLT2i were 1:1 PS matched (n = 45,443 pairs; 28,011 obese, 8948 overweight, and 8484 normal weight pairs). The overall HR for the risk of GBD with GLP1RA vs. SGLT2i was 1.27 (1.07-1.50), with no effect modification by BMI (p-value: 0.73). Interpretation: The increased risks of GBD were presented in both cohorts with no evidence of effect heterogeneity by BMI. Funding: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Health Fellowship Foundation.
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Registered trials
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