Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40227289›Full record

ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Oxidative Stress Indicated by Nuclear Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Glutathione Status in the Blood of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Study.

Magdalena Chełchowska, Joanna Gajewska, Elżbieta Szczepanik, Joanna Mazur, Agnieszka Cychol, Aleksandra Kuźniar-Pałka, Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Mercury-induced excitotoxicity in autism spectrum disorder: disruption of glutamatergic homeostasis and the therapeutic role of the selenium-glutathione axis.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Magdalena ChełchowskaDepartment of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6174-6813
Joanna GajewskaDepartment of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1349-0155
Elżbieta SzczepanikClinic of Paediatric Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.
Joanna MazurDepartment of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-729 Zielona Góra, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3937-7230
Agnieszka CycholDepartment of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.
Aleksandra Kuźniar-PałkaClinic of Paediatric Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.
Jadwiga AmbroszkiewiczDepartment of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7320-7561

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This pilot study investigated the relationship between nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 and glutathione homeostasis in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), addressing the role of oxidative stress in ASD pathophysiology. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, has been implicated in ASD and may contribute to neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nrf2, a key regulator of the antioxidant response, influences glutathione synthesis and recycling, making it critical for cellular redox balance. This study included 23 children with ASD and 21 neurotypical healthy controls, and measured levels of Nrf2, Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR), and peroxidase (GPx3) in blood samples. Our study reveals altered antioxidant defense in children with autism spectrum disorder, as evidenced by reduced levels of Nrf2, Keap1, GSH, and GR, along with elevated GSSG and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio. These findings indicate an increased oxidative stress burden in this population. Additionally, the observed positive correlation between Nrf2, GSH, and GR levels suggests an important role for Nrf2 in maintaining glutathione homeostasis. Our results underscore the potential involvement of oxidative stress in ASD and emphasize the need for further research into targeted therapeutic approaches to address this imbalance.

Indexed as

antioxidantsautism spectrum disordersglutathioneglutathione peroxidase 3glutathione reductasenuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2oxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID40227289
PMCPMC11939242

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.