ReviewCancers2025
Sex-Related Differences in Immunotherapy Toxicities: Insights into Dimorphic Responses.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- CCL3+ Neutrophil Signature Predicts Response to Neoadjuvant Toripalimab plus Chemotherapy in Patients with Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Development and validation of a predictive model for high-risk immune-related adverse events in gastric cancer patients treated with ICIs.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Sex-stratified disproportionality signals of adverse events with allopurinol and febuxostat: a retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis of FAERS and EudraVigilance.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Drug-associated cytokine release syndrome: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study with complementary transcriptomic analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Why counting women is not enough: from inclusion to equity in oncology trials.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of sex differences in the clinical outcomes to immunotherapy on solid tumors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Effects of Sex on Mortality in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Multiple Mediation Analysis of The Boston Lung Cancer Study.Clinical lung cancer · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy-Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms With a Focus on NSCLC.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Increased reporting of interstitial pneumonitis with combined EGFR-TKI and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy in NSCLC: a pharmacovigilance analysis of 67,818 reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- An agent-based learning model integrating sex differences in renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the onset and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced overt thyroid dysfunction: a retrospective study.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Integrating tumor location into artificial intelligence-based prognostic models in cancer.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma-Characteristic and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment: real-world retrospective data analysis from Qatar (SAFE-ICI-Q study).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significant sex-based differences exist in the immune system and antitumor immune responses, potentially leading to variations in both the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer immunotherapies. Women generally mount stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than men, which can result in more severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the importance of sex dimorphism in the safety of cancer immunotherapy remains underexplored in clinical oncology, despite its profound implications for treatment outcomes. Our review highlights the critical influence of biological sex on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immune responses, shaping ICI efficacy and the prevalence, type, and severity of irAEs. Integrating sex as a critical variable in cancer treatment and clinical trial design is essential for personalizing therapeutic strategies, bridging existing knowledge gaps, and enhancing survival rates and quality of life for patients across genders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.