Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40227591›Full record

ReviewCancers2025

Exploring the Genetic Orchestra of Cancer: The Interplay Between Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes.

Sajal Raj Singh, Rakesh Bhaskar, Shampa Ghosh, Bhuvaneshwar Yarlagadda, Krishna Kumar Singh, Prashant Verma, Sonali Sengupta, Mitko Mladenov, Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev, Radoslav Stojchevski and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sajal Raj SinghGloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India.
Rakesh BhaskarSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-0181-6197
Shampa GhoshGloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India.ORCID 0000-0002-3252-7216
Bhuvaneshwar YarlagaddaGloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India.
Krishna Kumar SinghSymbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune 411057, India.ORCID 0000-0003-3849-5945
Prashant VermaSchool of Management, BML Munjal University, NH8, Sidhrawali, Gurugram 122413, India.
Sonali SenguptaDepartment of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.ORCID 0000-0002-9710-9576
Mitko MladenovFaculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.ORCID 0000-0003-3475-2131
Nikola Hadzi-PetrushevFaculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.ORCID 0000-0002-4498-7359
Radoslav StojchevskiFriedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10022, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5942-1622
Jitendra Kumar SinhaGloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India.ORCID 0000-0002-7444-6932
Dimiter AvtanskiFriedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10022, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4479-6448

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00278268).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer is complex because of the critical imbalance in genetic regulation as characterized by both the overexpression of oncogenes (OGs), mainly through mutations, amplifications, and translocations, and the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs), which entail the preservation of genomic integrity by inducing apoptosis to counter the malignant growth. Reviewing the intricate molecular interplay between OGs and TSGs draws attention to their cell cycle, apoptosis, and cancer metabolism regulation. In the present review, we discuss seminal discoveries, such as Knudson's two-hit hypothesis, which framed the field's understanding of cancer genetics, leading to the next breakthroughs with next-generation sequencing and epigenetic profiling, revealing novel insights into OG and TSG dysregulation with opportunities for targeted therapy. The key pathways, such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin, are presented in the context of tumor progression. Importantly, we further highlighted the advances in therapeutic strategies, including inhibitors of KRAS and MYC and restoration of TSG function, despite which mechanisms of resistance and tumor heterogeneity pose daunting challenges. A high-level understanding of interactions between OG-TSGs forms the basis for effective, personalized cancer treatment-something to strive for in better clinical outcomes. This synthesis should integrate foundational biology with translation and, in this case, contribute to the ongoing effort against cancer.

Indexed as

cancer geneticscarcinogenesiscell cycle regulationepigenetics in cancergene mutationsmolecular pathwaysoncogenesproto-oncogene proteinstargeted cancer therapytumor-suppressor genes

Identifiers

PMID40227591
PMCPMC11988167

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.