Evidence mapPaperPMID 40227634Full record

ReviewCancers2025

Molecular Subtypes and Mechanisms of Breast Cancer: Precision Medicine Approaches for Targeted Therapies.

Eduarda Carvalho, Sule Canberk, Fernando Schmitt, Nuno Vale

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
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  19. Upregulation of a CircularInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  20. Review

15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Eduarda CarvalhoPerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Sule CanberkPerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Fernando SchmittPerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-1006-6946
Nuno ValePerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1283-1042

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, primarily affecting women. Its heterogeneous nature poses a significant challenge in the development of effective and targeted treatments. Molecular characterization has enabled breast cancer to be classified into four main subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer, based on hormone receptor expression and HER2 status. A deeper understanding of these molecular markers and their associated signaling pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT, is essential for improving prognosis and optimizing treatment strategies. Currently, several therapeutic agents are utilized in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, often in combination with surgical interventions. However, emerging evidence highlights the growing challenge of drug resistance, which significantly limits the efficacy of existing treatments. Addressing this issue may require innovative approaches, including combination therapies and precision medicine strategies, tailored to the molecular profile of each patient. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms driving breast cancer progression and resistance is crucial for the development of advanced targeted therapies with greater precision and efficacy. This review aims to explore recent advancements in molecular research related to breast cancer subtypes and provide a critical analysis of current therapeutic approaches within the framework of precision medicine.

Indexed as

breast cancercombination therapiesHER2hormone receptorprecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID40227634
PMCPMC11987866

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.