Evidence mapPaperPMID 40231429Full record

ReviewExpert opinion on drug delivery2025

Closed-loop therapy: recent advancements and potential predictors of glycemic outcomes.

Chloë Royston, Roman Hovorka, Charlotte K Boughton

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Expert opinion on drug delivery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Chloë RoystonInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Roman HovorkaInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Charlotte K BoughtonInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Funding

Department of Health NIHR203312
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHybrid closed-loop systems have become the standard of care for managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Both clinical trials and real-world data have demonstrated that these systems improve glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, while also reducing the overall burden of T1D management. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed for studies including individuals with T1D that were published until the end of 2024. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we summarize the safety and efficacy of currently available hybrid closed-loop systems, drawing from key clinical trials and real-world data analyses. We also highlight recent advancements in closed-loop systems, discuss their limitations and barriers to access, and explore future directions for automated insulin delivery. Finally, we explore potential predictors of outcomes for people with T1D to better understand why some individuals respond better to closed-loop systems than others. EXPERT OPINION: Closed-loop systems are advancing rapidly, with a growing focus on enhancing automation through fully closed-loop systems to improve glycemic control and further reduce the burden of management. Identifying the predictors that influence how individuals respond to closed-loop therapy will enable these systems to be optimized. It is crucial to ensure widespread and equitable access to this advanced technology.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringGlycemic ControlHumansHypoglycemiaBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAutomated insulin deliveryfully closed-loophybrid closed-looptime in rangetype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40231429
PMCPMC7617697

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.