ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2025
Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related cytokine storm syndrome: a systematic review of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Vascular Complications of Long COVID-From Endothelial Dysfunction to Systemic Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Photothermal-magnetic dual-activated Janus dressing for microenvironment purification and wireless electrically triggered healing with reduced scar formation.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Pathophysiology-guided biomarkers and therapeutics for precision trauma medicine in polytrauma with musculoskeletal injuries.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- The potential of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles fromFuture science OA · 2026Article
- IL-27 neutralization with and without antibiotics as an approach to prevent and treat neonatal sepsis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- ROS-responsive nanogels enable inhaled CD24 immunotherapy for selective hyperinflammation suppression in severe pneumonia.Science advances · 2026Article
- Cell senescence emerges as a hallmark and therapeutic target of chronic intracellular infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunology of pregnancy and sepsis: shared and specific pathways guiding future precision care.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Clinical applications of oXiris membranes: Targeting inflammation and renal dysfunction in ICU patients.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
- IL-6 Upregulates CD73 in Human Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote ATRA-Induced NB4 Cell Differentiation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammation Course and Skeletal Muscle Wasting Correlation During the First Week in ICU: A New Approach for Personalised Feeding of Critically Ill Patients?Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Serum meprin α levels for the detection of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Novel Adipokines in Critical Illness and Sepsis: Chemerin, Vaspin, and Omentin-1: A Comprehensive Evidence-Based Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Injectable bioactive hydrogels as pharmacological drug delivery platforms for post-myocardial infarction cardiac repair: therapeutic cargo engineering, stimuli-responsive release mechanisms, and translational perspectives.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- PROTAC-mediated regulation of programmed cell death: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Mucoadhesive Peptide-Catalase Self-Assembled Nano-Formulation for Effective Treatment of Mucosal Inflammatory Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokine storm (CS) is a severe systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by the excessive activation of immune cells and a significant increase in circulating levels of cytokines. This pathological process is implicated in the development of life-threatening conditions such as fulminant myocarditis (FM), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), primary or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) therapy, and grade III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The significant involvement of the JAK-STAT pathway, Toll-like receptors, neutrophil extracellular traps, NLRP3 inflammasome, and other signaling pathways has been recognized in the pathogenesis of CS. Therapies targeting these pathways have been developed or are currently being investigated. While novel drugs have demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in mitigating CS, the overall mortality rate of CS resulting from underlying diseases remains high. In the clinical setting, the management of CS typically necessitates a multidisciplinary team strategy encompassing the removal of abnormal inflammatory or immune system activation, the preservation of vital organ function, the treatment of the underlying disease, and the provision of life supportive therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key signaling pathways and associated cytokines implicated in CS, elucidates the impact of dysregulated immune cell activation, and delineates the resultant organ injury associated with CS. In addition, we offer insights and current literature on the management of CS in cases of FM, ARDS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, treatment-induced CRS, HLH, and other related conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.