Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40236338›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Frailty and Stress Urinary Incontinence: Bayesian Network and Discrete Mathematical Approach Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2018 Data.

Nobuo Okui

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Nobuo OkuiUrogynecology, Yokosuka Urogynecology and Urology Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common among older women and may be associated with frailty. Frailty, characterized by reduced physiological reserves and muscle weakness, can impair pelvic floor function and increase the risk of SUI. This study evaluates the association between frailty and SUI using a large dataset. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2018 were analyzed, including 6,386 women aged ≥20 years with complete frailty and SUI data. Frailty was classified using NHANES-derived criteria. SUI was assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Propensity score matching adjusted for confounders. Logistic regression and Bayesian modeling were applied to evaluate associations. Results SUI prevalence was higher in frail individuals (607 (32.0%) vs. 414 (15.0%), p < 0.001). Frailty independently predicted SUI (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.25-1.75; p < 0.001). Bayesian modeling demonstrated interconnections between frailty, SUI, and functional limitations. Conclusions Frailty is a significant predictor of SUI in women. Identifying frailty status may improve SUI risk stratification and guide targeted interventions.

Indexed as

bayesian analysisfrailtymuscle strengthnhanesphysiological reservesstress urinary incontinence

Identifiers

PMID40236338
PMCPMC11998625

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.