ArticleFrontiers in surgery2025
Fluorescein sodium as a marker for focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: a case report in a porcine model.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Focused ultrasound for cellular mechanoactivation and nanomedicine delivery in cancer.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- GCN2 enhances host survival and drives eIF2α phosphorylation during mouse adenovirus type 1 infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) enables noninvasive, targeted, and reversible blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, facilitating drug delivery and liquid biopsy of the brain. Using fluorescein sodium (FNa) with macroscopic widefield fluorescence and microscopic confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) imaging, we assessed BBB permeability after applying a frameless, electromagnetic-guided FUS system in a porcine model and confirmed with established MRI protocol and conventional histology. Both macroscopic and microscopic FNa fluorescence imaging findings correlated with contrast-enhanced MRI, providing direct evidence of BBB disruption. This approach demonstrates the utility of FNa for evaluating BBB permeability in preclinical studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.