ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2025
The Role of Microglial Exosomes in Clozapine Treatment: Effect on Cognition in Schizophrenia.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Longitudinal brain structural changes during clozapine treatment: associations with neuroreceptor architecture and clinical response.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a spectrum of symptoms including cognitive impairments and psychotic episodes. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, is a widely recognised treatment option for patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia, due to it having the highest efficacy out of all the antipsychotic drugs. Despite its efficacy, clozapine's impact on cognition and brain structure in schizophrenia patients remains a subject of ongoing research and debate, with accumulating evidence indicating negative impacts on cognitive performance and changes in brain volume. Changes in the immune system are linked to variations in cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Previous research has indicated that microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the brain, have been associated with decreased cognitive performance when dysfunctional. Evidence suggests that brain structure may mediate the observed relationship between microglia and cognition. Microglial exosomes, integral to neuroinflammation and cellular communication, could provide insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the effects of clozapine treatment. This review focuses on the proposition that alterations in microglial exosome composition, particularly miRNAs, are involved in mediating clozapine's diverse effects on cognition by influencing brain macrostructure. This review aims to highlight new directions for future research that could lead to more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches in the management of schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.