Evidence mapPaperPMID 40238441Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Implicit and Explicit Consumer Perceptions of Cashews: A Neuroscientific and Sensory Analysis Approach.

Rocio Lopez-Navarro, Luis Montero-Vicente, Carmen Escriba-Perez, Juan M Buitrago-Vera

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rocio Lopez-NavarroDepartment of Economics and Social Science, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera w/o No., 46022 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3213-4367
Luis Montero-VicenteDepartment of Economics and Social Science, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera w/o No., 46022 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1992-5949
Carmen Escriba-PerezDepartment of Economics and Social Science, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera w/o No., 46022 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4820-4099
Juan M Buitrago-VeraDepartment of Economics and Social Science, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera w/o No., 46022 Valencia, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated consumer perceptions of raw cashew nuts from two different private labels (private label A, PLA, and private label B, PLB), employing a combination of explicit (sensory analysis) and implicit (consumer neuroscience) methods. The objective was to analyse both conscious and unconscious responses to understand consumer preferences. Participants (n = 80) evaluated the samples, with electroencephalography (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) as implicit methods, and hedonic scales, JAR scales, and the EsSense25 questionnaire used for explicit evaluations. The results revealed a clear preference for PLB, supported by higher global hedonic scores and a significant majority (65%) choosing PLB over PLA. EEG metrics calculated for participants' valence, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) for flavour indicated greater activity in the left frontal lobe for PLB, associated with positive emotions. Task engagement (TE) measurements revealed higher engagement with PLB during flavour evaluation. Penalty analysis identified that PLA was mainly penalised for a "too weak" aroma and flavour. The EsSense25 analysis showed that cashew consumption evoked predominantly positive emotions such as "pleasant", "satisfied", and "calm". In conclusion, the combination of implicit and explicit methods provided a comprehensive understanding of consumer preferences, highlighting the value of both approaches and the importance of sensory attributes in driving the overall liking of raw cashews. The findings have implications for product optimisation, market segmentation, and the development of marketing strategies in the cashew industry.

Indexed as

cashewsconsumer food preferencesconsumer neuroscienceEsSense Profile®explicit measuresimplicit measuressensory analysis

Identifiers

PMID40238441
PMCPMC11988778

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.