Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40240968›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

The uneven triad: a qualitative study of perspectives of relatives, patients, and professionals on (not) involving relatives in mental health.

Suzanne J C Kroon, Lian van der Krieke, Richard Bruggeman, Manna A Alma

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Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Suzanne J C KroonDepartment of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands. s.j.c.kroon@umcg.nl.
Lian van der KriekeGGZ Drenthe, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands.
Richard BruggemanDepartment of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Manna A AlmaDepartment of Health Sciences, Applied Health Research, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 17.005ZonMw 638075029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRecognition of the value of involving relatives in mental health care is growing. This study explores the ambivalence surrounding their role, including formalisation, instrumental use, burden, and potential benefits. Collaboration between relatives, patients, and professionals is essential to recovery-based approaches. Thus, despite challenges, the involvement of relatives remains crucial. This study aims to understand perspectives on involving relatives in mental health care, within the larger context of collaboration across the triad of relatives, patients, and professionals.

methodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with relatives (n = 7), patients (n = 7), and professionals (n = 10) connected to various mental health care organizations. The study took place in The Netherlands. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

resultsFor collaboration in the triad, we found five aspects to be of importance: the significance of involving relatives, changing roles from relative to caregiver, relatives' intermediary role in patient-professional relationship, negative experiences of relatives in the triad, and ambivalence about patient's autonomy. Notably, because collaboration between professionals and relatives is often challenging, it often leads to tensions.

conclusionOur study uncovers varying perspectives both on involving relatives and on collaboration within the triad. Recovery-oriented approaches do not always align with patients' and relatives' intentions and values. Although relatives want to be involved, they often feel unheard and unseen by professionals. Relatives' roles -especially the intermediary role- are surprisingly underrepresented in the recovery-oriented literature. This study reveals several tensions between the three perspectives, culminating in a so-called uneven triad. We conclude that although the concept of involving relatives is highly advocated in recovery-based approaches, actual practice is lagging behind.

Indexed as

FamilyHealth PersonnelMental DisordersMental Health ServicesProfessional-Family RelationsProfessional-Patient RelationsAdultCaregiversCooperative BehaviorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsQualitative ResearchCollaboration in the triadInvolvement of relativesPatients and professionalsPerspectives of relativesQualitative study

Identifiers

PMID40240968
PMCPMC12004576

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.