ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Bone Defect Treatment in Regenerative Medicine: Exploring Natural and Synthetic Bone Substitutes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes containing nano-pearl powder water-soluble matrix promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.Organogenesis · 2026Article
- Apt19s-functionalized 3D-printed PCL/58S bioactive glass scaffoldsRSC advances · 2026Article
- Advancements in pediatric tissue engineering: scaffold-based and cell-driven approaches.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Review
- Biomimetic bone calcium phosphate-based scaffolds fabricated via ceramic vat photopolymerization: Effect of porosity, sintering temperature, mineralogical phases and trace elements on the osteogenic potential.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles combined with injectable hydrogels in bone defect repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Inhibition of miR-224-5p promotes osteogenesis in dental pulp stem cells by targeting the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Review
- Mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogel reprograms osteoimmune niche for robust bone regeneration in complex defects.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Predictability, Skeletal Stability, and Safety of Iliac Crest Bone Grafts in Large Maxillary Advancement with Le Fort I Osteotomy: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Orthoplastic surgery for interdisciplinary extremity reconstruction.Innovative surgical sciences · 2026Article
- An Injectable, Osteoconductive Gelatin-Enabled GelMA/HAp Hydrogel Scaffold for Minimally Invasive Bone Tissue Engineering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in polymer-based hydrogel systems for adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells toward bone regeneration.World journal of orthopedics · 2026Review
- Rational Design of Mechanically Optimized Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Four-dimensional-printed personalized shape memory NiTi implant for minimally invasive delivery in cavitary bone defect reconstruction.Biomaterials translational · 2026Article
- Advancements in Polymer-Based Nanocarriers for Controlled Release of Nitric Oxide: Clinical Applications and Future Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Enhanced bone regeneration and cellular protection from oxidative stress using a vitamin C-based scaffold.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic characterization of platelet-rich fibrin-induced macrophage responses identifies U937 cells as a sensitive bioassay.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Osteogenic Differentiation Properties of BLGFs/ODEX Hydrogel Doped With Collagen Derived FromInternational journal of biomaterials · 2026Article
- Cell Surface Markers of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Knowledge and Advances in Characterization Technologies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, the management of bone defects in regenerative medicine and orthopedic surgery has been the subject of extensive research efforts. The complexity of fractures and bone loss arising from trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital disorders necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies to promote effective healing. Although bone tissue exhibits an intrinsic regenerative capacity, extensive fractures and critical-sized defects can severely compromise this process, often requiring bone grafts or substitutes. Tissue engineering approaches within regenerative medicine have introduced novel possibilities for addressing nonunions and challenging bone defects refractory to conventional treatment methods. Key components in this field include stem cells, bioactive growth factors, and biocompatible scaffolds, with a strong focus on advancements in bone substitute materials. Both natural and synthetic substitutes present distinct characteristics and applications. Natural grafts-comprising autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic materials-offer biological advantages, while synthetic alternatives, including biodegradable and non-biodegradable biomaterials, provide structural versatility and reduced immunogenicity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse bone grafting alternatives utilized in orthopedic surgery, emphasizing recent advancements and persistent challenges. By exploring both natural and synthetic bone substitutes, this work offers an in-depth examination of cutting-edge solutions, fostering further research and innovation in the treatment of complex bone defects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.