Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40248251›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025

Independent risk factors and outcomes for ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant organisms after cardiac valvular surgery.

XiaoLiang Chen, LaiYha Yan, ShunYing Zhao, XiaoYan Hu, GuoFeng Shao, Ni Li, LinWen Zhu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

XiaoLiang ChenDepartment of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
LaiYha YanDepartment of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
ShunYing ZhaoDepartment of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
XiaoYan HuDepartment of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
GuoFeng ShaoDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Ni LiDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
LinWen ZhuDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Although numerous studies have documented the risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after cardiac surgery, most of these studies included heterogeneous patient populations. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for VAP caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in patients admitted to the cardiosurgery intensive care unit (CSICU) following cardiac valvular surgery. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. The clinical data of adult VAP patients following cardiac valvular surgery from January 2021 to December 2023 were analyzed. Patients were divided into MDRO VAP and non-MDRO VAP groups. Perioperative clinical data and postoperative follow-up results were collected for both groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for MDRO VAP, and the outcomes of MDRO VAP patients were analyzed. The species of pathogens isolated from the VAP patients were also investigated. Results: A total of 109 VAP patients were included in this study, including 47 patients with MDRO VAP and 62 patients with non-MDRO VAP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that independent risk factors for MDRO VAP included preoperative hypoalbuminemia (OR, 0.838; CI, 0.733-0.957; Conclusion: Postoperative MDRO VAP in patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery is linked to severe clinical outcomes. Greater attention should be given to patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation, extended broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and preoperative hypoalbuminemia to prevent MDRO VAP infections.

Indexed as

cardiac valvular surgerymultidrug-resistant organismsrisk factorsvalvular heart diseaseventilator-associated pneumonia

Identifiers

PMID40248251
PMCPMC12003413

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.