Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40249126›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2025

Individual responses to encapsulated caffeine and caffeine chewing gum on strength and power in strength-trained males.

Hamed Teimouri-Korani, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Mark Et Willems, Rasoul Rezaei, Babak Imanian

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
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  6. Trial
  7. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hamed Teimouri-KoraniShahid Beheshti University, Department of Biological Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad HemmatinafarShiraz University, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-7585-7592
Mark Et WillemsUniversity of Chichester, Institute of Applied Sciences, Chichester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4385-8739
Rasoul RezaeiShiraz University, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran.
Babak ImanianShiraz University, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLiquid-dissolved and encapsulated powder are two popular ways to consume caffeine for performance-enhancing effects. Caffeine in other delivery methods, such as chewing gums, orally dissolvable strips, gels, mouthwashes, energy drinks, and nasal sprays, is believed to be absorbed more quickly into the bloodstream. Inter-individual responses to caffeine's enhancing effects are recognized. The present study examined the inter-individual responses to the acute effects of encapsulated caffeine and caffeinated chewing gum on the lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength and power in strength-trained males.

methodA randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 15 strength-trained males (age: 25  ±  4 years, height: 176  ±  7 cm, weight: 75  ±  11 kg, habitual caffeine intake: 66  ±  15 mg·day

resultsIn knee extensors, 1) average peak torque and power at 60°/s were higher in CC (

conclusionCaffeine supplementation in CC and CG forms significantly enhanced lower-body strength, power, and vertical jump height in strength-trained males, with over  ~50% of participants exceeding the SWC thresholds across key performance metrics. CC showed slightly higher responder rates for strength parameters, while CG excelled in time-dependent measures, supporting their use as effective and flexible ergogenic aids.

Indexed as

CaffeineChewing GumMuscle StrengthPerformance-Enhancing SubstancesAdultCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodHumansIsometric ContractionMaleResistance TrainingYoung AdultCaffeineChewing GumPerformance-Enhancing Substancescaffeinated gumcaffeine capsuleexplosive powerisokinetic strengthStrength-trained males

Identifiers

PMID40249126
PMCPMC12010647

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.