Evidence mapPaperPMID 40252164Full record

ReviewAdvances in therapy2025

Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Vascular Disease: Pathogenesis, Complications, and Evolving Treatments.

Kazi Islam, Rahib Islam, Ivan Nguyen, Hassan Malik, Humza Pirzadah, Barsha Shrestha, Isabella B Lentz, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kazi IslamCentral State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH, 45384, USA.
Rahib IslamLSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Ivan NguyenLSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Hassan MalikLSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Humza PirzadahLSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Barsha ShresthaLSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Isabella B LentzDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Sahar ShekoohiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. sahar.shekoohi@lsuhs.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4545-4523
Alan D KayeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and insulin dysregulation. This disease is associated with morbidity and mortality, including significant potential vascular complications. High levels of hyperglycemia lead to not only elevated levels of reactive oxygen species but also advanced glycation end products, which are detrimental to the vascular endothelium and reduce protective compounds such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin. This damage contributes to the development of both macrovascular and microvascular complications. The present investigation explores the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic vascular complications and evaluates current management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and emerging therapies. The review underscores the importance of ongoing progress in diabetes management and patient education to lead to optimal patient-health outcomes and quality of life for individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesEndothelium, VascularGlycation End Products, AdvancedHumansHyperglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsLife StyleOxidative StressGlycation End Products, AdvancedHypoglycemic AgentsDiabetes mellitusEndothelial dysfunctionHyperglycemiaPharmacological treatmentsVascular complications

Identifiers

PMID40252164
PMCPMC12085338

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.