Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40255399›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.

Shoulian Huang, Yu Kang, Ting Liu, Yan Xiong, Zixuan Yang, Qing Zhang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shoulian HuangDepartment of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yu KangDepartment of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Ting LiuDepartment of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yan XiongInstitute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Zixuan YangDepartment of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Qing ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, are crucial regulators of immune responses, acting as gatekeepers to balance immunity against foreign antigens and self-tolerance. These checkpoints play a key role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by preventing immune-mediated damage to critical organs like the heart. In this study, we explored the involvement of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications, particularly atherosclerosis and myocarditis, which can lead to heart failure. We conducted a comprehensive analysis using animal models and clinical data to assess the effects of immune checkpoint inhibition on cardiac function. Our findings indicate that disruption of PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways exacerbates myocardial inflammation, accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation, and promotes the development of heart failure. Additionally, we observed that immune checkpoint inhibition in these models led to increased infiltration of T lymphocytes, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced tissue damage. These results suggest that PD-1 and CTLA-4 are critical in preserving cardiac health, and their inhibition can result in severe cardiovascular toxicity. Our study emphasizes the need for careful monitoring of cardiovascular health in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCTLA-4 AntigenHeart FailureMyocarditisProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLCTLA-4 AntigenCtla4 protein, mouseImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPdcd1 protein, mouseProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptoratherosclerosiscardiotoxicitycytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4)myocarditisprogrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)

Identifiers

PMID40255399
PMCPMC12006013

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.