Evidence mapPaperPMID 40255755Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Comparative Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Huzaifa K Khan, Zarbakhta Ashfaq, Hamza Jamil, Hureem Yaqoob, Nouman Anthony, Rimsha Dilawar, Bilal Ahmad, Sadikun Nabi, Sharmin Ahmed Rania, Falaknaz Saleem and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Huzaifa K KhanMedicine, Foundation University School of Health Sciences, Islamabad, PAK.
Zarbakhta AshfaqMedicine, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK.
Hamza JamilOncology, Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, PAK.
Hureem YaqoobEmergency, Sahiwal International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Nouman AnthonyGeneral Medicine, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK.
Rimsha DilawarCommunity Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi, Islamabad, PAK.
Bilal AhmadMedicine and Surgery, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, PAK.
Sadikun NabiRadiology and Imaging, Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, Dhaka, BGD.
Sharmin Ahmed RaniaMedicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhaka Central International Medical College, Dhaka, BGD.
Falaknaz SaleemOncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK.
Marie GergesInternal Medicine, Alexandria New Medical Center, Alexandria, EGY.
Demiana M MikhaelEmergency Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic review evaluates the cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes, focusing on findings from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven high-quality trials met the inclusion criteria, with a combined focus on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure hospitalizations, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and renal function decline. SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing heart failure and renal outcomes, while GLP-1 receptor agonists were more effective in preventing MACE and improving glycemic control. Combination therapy showed potential additive benefits, particularly in improving myocardial and arterial function. The findings highlight the complementary roles of these drug classes, underscoring the importance of personalized therapy based on individual patient profiles. Further research, including long-term head-to-head trials, is warranted to validate these results and optimize treatment strategies.

Indexed as

cardiovascular outcomeschronic kidney diseasecombination therapyglp-1 receptor agonistsheart failuremajor adverse cardiovascular eventsrandomized controlled trialsrenal outcomessglt2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40255755
PMCPMC12009492

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.