Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40259707›Full record

ReviewClinical cardiology2025

Trends and Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Mortality Among U.S. Adults With Hypertension, 2000-2023.

Maryam Sajid, Dua Ali, Shaheer Qureshi, Reja Ahmad, Asim Sajjad, Saad Ahmed Waqas, Raheel Ahmed, Peter Collins

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Temporal trends and regional disparities in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in Brazil: a time series study, 2015-2024.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Maryam SajidDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3544-3513
Dua AliDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9925-2098
Shaheer QureshiDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6204-6922
Reja AhmadDepartment of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Asim SajjadDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2121-7770
Saad Ahmed WaqasDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9051-6081
Raheel AhmedNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Peter CollinsNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension is a major public health concern and a key risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), significantly contributing to cardiovascular mortality. Despite advancements in management and treatment, trends in associated mortality remain underexplored.

objectiveThis study examines U.S. national trends in hypertension- and AMI-associated mortality from 2000 to 2023, focusing on demographics and regions.

methodsAge-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 for adults aged ≥ 25 with hypertension and AMI were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. Annual percent changes (APCs) and average APCs (AAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, age, urbanization, and Census region.

resultsFrom 2000 to 2023, 933,024 hypertension- and AMI-related deaths were recorded. Overall, AAMR declined from 19.84 per 100,000 in 2000 to 16.26 in 2023 (AAPC: -0.93%, 95% CI: -1.18% to -0.76%). However, a sharp rise in mortality occurred between 2018 and 2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Stratified analyses revealed persistently higher mortality rates among menmen, non-Hispanic BlackBlack individuals, and residents of the Southern and rural U.S. regions. Younger adults showed an increasing AAMR trend, indicating a growing burden of hypertension and AMI-associated disease.

conclusionWhile long-term mortality trends show a decline, recent years have seen a rise, particularly among high-risk groups. Targeted public health interventions addressing hypertension management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and healthcare disparities are essential to mitigate the ongoing burden of hypertension and AMI mortality in the U.S.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesHypertensionMyocardial InfarctionAdultAgedCOVID-19FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUnited Statesacute myocardial infarctioncardiovascular diseasesCDC WONDER databasecensus regiongenderhealthcare disparitieshypertensionmortality trendsraceurbanization

Identifiers

PMID40259707
PMCPMC12012249

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.