ArticleThe Laryngoscope2025
The Relationship of Estrogen Changes With Sinonasal Symptoms and Disease in Women: A Scoping Review.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Relationship of Estrogen Changes With Sinonasal Symptoms and Disease in Women: A Scoping Review.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are inflammatory-driven processes. Previous research has shown an influence of sex hormones on inflammatory processes, including asthma. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the existing epidemiologic literature looking at the relationship of estrogen to sinonasal symptoms in women. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Embase were searched with "estrogen," "rhinitis," and "female," along with related terms.
methodsAll English language articles examining the relationship between estrogen changes and sinonasal symptoms in women were included; case reports were excluded. Data collected included hormonal exposure, presence of sinonasal symptoms, and the influence of hormonal exposure on symptoms.
results57 studies were included. The literature suggests worsening of sinonasal outcomes with and throughout pregnancy. Early menarche (higher lifetime estrogen) may be associated with a higher rhinitis likelihood, which may also suggest a pro-inflammatory estrogen effect. The literature, however, also suggests menopause (low estrogen state) is associated with worse sinonasal outcomes. The literature examining oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy is overall too conflicting and limited to suggest any directionality. There are few studies on CRS or its outcomes.
conclusionThe studies included in this review suggest a potential relationship between biological sex, sex hormones, and sinonasal outcomes, but the validity of the findings is limited due to the lack of rigorous and standardized study design. Given the growing evidence of the inflammatory-modulating effects of sex hormones, which form a pathophysiologic basis for this relationship, further research on the impact of sex hormones on sinonasal disease is required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.