Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40263177›Full record

Observational studyWiener klinische Wochenschrift2025

Immunophenotyping of bronchoalveolar lavage and functional impairment in post-COVID syndrome : Insights from a prospective cohort trial.

Maximilian Robert Gysan, Antje Lehmann, Dominik Bernitzky, Andreas Zech, Jonas Brugger, Helmut Prosch, Marco Idzko, Daniela Gompelmann

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Maximilian Robert GysanDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. maximilian.gysan@meduniwien.ac.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4737-6854
Antje LehmannDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Dominik BernitzkyDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Andreas ZechDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Jonas BruggerInstitute for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Helmut ProschDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Marco IdzkoDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Daniela GompelmannDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveFollowing recovery from COVID-19, there is evidence for pulmonary sequelae and functional impairment. Data regarding the immunopathological mechanisms are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity, lung function impairment and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) changes in post-COVID syndrome patients.

methodsPatients with post-COVID syndrome were enrolled in this Austrian single-center prospective observational cohort study. All patients underwent a pulmonary function test (PFT) and chest HRCT. Those with pathological HRCT findings underwent bronchoscopy with BALF sampling for differential cell count and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis.

resultsIn this study 26 patients with post-COVID syndrome underwent bronchoscopy with BAL. The HRCT showed ground-glass opacifications (69.2%), organizing pneumonia (7.7%) or both (11.5%). The PFT revealed restrictive lung disease in 38.5% and reduced diffusion capacity in 68%, 19.2% showed a pathological BAL cell pattern predominantly consisting of CD4

conclusionA notable percentage of patients with post-COVID syndrome with persistent HRCT changes showed T‑helper lymphocytic inflammation in the lungs. The degree of alveolar lymphocytosis was associated with lung function impairment. This could suggest that a prolonged inflammatory response in the alveolar compartment contributes to the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome.

Indexed as

Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidCOVID-19ImmunophenotypingAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansLungMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRespiratory Function TestsTomography, X-Ray ComputedCOVID-19 pneumoniaImmunopathologyInflammationLung functionSARS-CoV‑2

Identifiers

PMID40263177
PMCPMC12592247

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.