ArticleBMC public health2025
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associated factors in a multiethnic upper-middle-income country in Asia: findings from a nationwide community-based study in 2023.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Six Months of Bikram Yoga: Longitudinal Effects on Body Fat Reduction and Age-Related Responses in Adult Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The nationwide prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors in the general adult population in Malaysia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapies.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardio-metabolic risk factors that predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the current prevalence of MetS in Malaysia is unknown. Thus, we aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors among the adult population in Malaysia.
methodsThis was a nationwide community-based cross-sectional study in Malaysia with two-stage stratified random sampling in 2023. MetS was defined based on the Harmonised Joint Interim Statement that required ≥ 3 metabolic risk abnormalities: abdominal obesity, elevated blood glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol. Complex sample analyses, including multiple binary logistic regression, were used to achieve the study objectives.
resultsThe overall response rate was 71.4%, with 1,035 participants. The prevalence of MetS was 35.9% (95% CI: 31.4-40.6), translating to 8.5 million people in Malaysia. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol were 52.8%, 21.5%, 43.4%, 33.4%, and 44.6%, respectively. Increasing age groups, Indian ethnicity (aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.19-4.22), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (aOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.50-6.35), and elevated gamma glutamyl-transferase (aOR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.84-5.92) were independent factors associated with MetS.
conclusionsMetS is highly prevalent in Malaysia and represents a pressing public health issue. Concerted multisectoral strategies are needed to manage this epidemic, and precise public health interventions can be targeted at the identified high-risk subpopulations for more effective and efficient outcomes.
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