Evidence mapPaperPMID 40264185Full record

ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2025

Post-marketing safety profile of ganirelix in women: a 20-year pharmacovigilance analysis of global adverse drug event databases (2004-2024).

Yang Yang, Zhiwei Cui, Xiaoshan Feng, Fan Zou, Xiaoling Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yang YangDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Zhiwei CuiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xiaoshan FengDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Fan ZouDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Xiaoling WuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China. wxlxjtu07@stu.xjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

Shaanxi Province Basic Research Programme in Natural Sciences 2023-JC-YB-775
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGanirelix, a third-generation GnRH antagonist, is widely used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) for rapid pituitary suppression to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. Despite its extensive clinical use, real-world evidence on its safety in large populations remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of ganirelix by comprehensively analyzing adverse drug events (ADEs) using real-world data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the Japan Adverse Drug Event Reporting (JADER) database.

methodsWe extracted ADE data from FAERS (Q1 2004-Q2 2024) and JADER (Q1 2009-Q1 2024). Disproportionality analyses, including reporting odds ratios (ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Networks (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinkage (MGPS), were employed to identify significant associations between ganirelix and ADEs.

resultsIn the FAERS database, we identified 1,096 ganirelix-related ADE reports, spanning 26 system organ classes (SOCs). A total of 65 positive signals were detected, including ADEs consistent with drug label such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (n = 290, ROR 2462.76, PRR 2168.48, EBGM05 1655.59, IC025 9.18), injection site pain (n = 54, ROR 3.99, PRR 3.93, EBGM05 3.13, IC025 0.31), and fetal death (n = 6, ROR 21.05, PRR 21.00, EBGM05 10.72, IC025 2.72). Additionally, unexpected signals not listed in the drug label were identified, including ectopic pregnancy (n = 7, ROR 33.02, PRR 32.93, EBGM05 17.64, IC025 3.37), maternal exposure before pregnancy (n = 30, ROR 76.09, PRR 75.16, EBGM05 74.72, IC025 6.22), dermatitis allergic (n = 4, ROR 7.98, PRR 7.97, EBGM05 3.50, IC025 1.33), and bladder tamponade (n = 4, ROR 771.47, PRR 770.3, EBGM05 311.57, IC025 7.80). The median time to ADE onset was 13 days. External validation using the JADER database (62 ganirelix-related ADE reports) confirmed four signals, including abortion (n = 19), OHSS (n = 17), missed abortion (n = 9), and fetal death (n = 8), aligning with FAERS findings.

conclusionThis study provides a robust real-world safety evaluation of ganirelix, with findings corroborated by two independent pharmacovigilance databases. While consistent with clinical observations, the identification of unexpected signals warrants further pharmacoepidemiological investigations to confirm these results.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneAdultAdverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansJapanMiddle AgedPharmacovigilancePregnancyProduct Surveillance, PostmarketingUnited StatesUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationYoung AdultganirelixGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneAdverse drug eventsAssisted reproductive technologyFAERSGanirelixJADERPharmacovigilanceReal-world evidence

Identifiers

PMID40264185
PMCPMC12016398

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.