Evidence mapPaperPMID 40264203Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Remnant cholesterol predicts risk of recurrent thrombosis beyond LDL-cholesterol in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.

Bin Cai, Yangzhong Zhou, Xinzhuang Yang, Zhaoqing Wang, Can Huang, Qingqing Xiao, Hui Jiang, Yuan Zhao, Xinping Tian, Qian Wang and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Bin Cai *Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Yangzhong Zhou *Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Xinzhuang Yang *Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Zhaoqing WangVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Can HuangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Qingqing XiaoDepartment of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hui JiangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Yuan ZhaoDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Xinping TianDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Qian WangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China.
Guanqiao LiVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Mengtao LiDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China. mengtao.li@cstar.org.cn.
Xiaofeng ZengDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China. zengxfpumc@163.com.
Jiuliang ZhaoDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Ave, Beijing, 100730, China. zjlpumc@sina.com.

Funding

Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission No. Z201100005520025CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) 2021-I2M-1-005Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology 2021YFC2501300National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding 2022-PUMCH-A008National Natural Science Foundation of China 82201981
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is notably linked to thrombotic events, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of remnant cholesterol (RC) in predicting CVD risk is established, yet its relationship with thrombotic risk in APS patients remains to be elucidated. This study aims to assess the association between RC and recurrent thrombotic risk in patients with APS.

methodsA prospective analysis was conducted based on a cohort of APS patients who met the 2006 Sydney revised classification criteria. Thrombotic risks associated with varying levels of RC were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to examine the causal link between RC and different types of thrombotic events.

resultsA total of 325 patients with APS were enrolled in this study. Over a median follow-up of 35 months, 51 patients experienced thrombotic events, including 24 venous, 19 arterial, and 16 microvascular incidents. Patients with RC levels above 0.60 mmol/L exhibited significantly higher risks, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (and 95% confidence interval) for all-cause, venous, arterial thrombosis, and microvascular disease being 5.05 (2.23-11.41), 6.34 (1.71-23.54), 3.79 (1.00-14.32), and 4.36 (1.08-17.58), respectively. Notably, elevated RC remained a significant thrombotic risk factor even in patients with normal conventional lipid profiles. MR analysis revealed a significant causal association between RC and arterial thrombosis, but not venous thrombosis.

conclusionsElevated RC is linked to a substantial increase in the risk of thrombotic events in APS patients. These findings suggest that RC could be a valuable marker for thrombotic risk in this population and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Indexed as

Antiphospholipid SyndromeCholesterolCholesterol, LDLThrombosisAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRecurrenceRisk FactorsCholesterolCholesterol, LDLAntiphospholipid syndromeCardiovascular diseaseLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolRemnant cholesterolThrombotic risk

Identifiers

PMID40264203
PMCPMC12016284

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.