ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Understanding chronic inflammation: couplings between cytokines, ROS, NO, Ca
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed.
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- The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in oxidative stress and inflammation: Implications for poultry health and production.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Toward a Conceptual Multiscale Framework for Predictive Radiobiology: Integrating Genomic Damage, Network Rewiring, and Tissue Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From in vitro to in vivo: hypoxia attenuates replicative senescence and preserves therapeutic activity in long-term passaged human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Biological research · 2026Article
- Bridging neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurogenesis: aromatic turmerone as a multifunctional modulator via NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- A sustained-release depot formulation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide for alleviating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Spent Coffee Ground Extracts: A Sustainable Source of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Bioactives for Managing Lifestyle-Related Chronic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- IL-36γ enhanced bactericidal effects of macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the IFN-γ/HIF-1ɑ/glycolysis pathway.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Targeting Inflammation and Immune Regulation in Chronic Inflammation Associated Cancers.Cancer science · 2026Review
- Natural Product Rengyolone Attenuates LPS-Induced Microglia Inflammation via Suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Article
- Fibrosis suppressive effect and mechanism of CaSR positive allosteric modulators/p-dioxanone copolymers.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- A System-Level Perspective on Epstein-Barr Virus Persistence: The Partial Lytic Reactivation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Reactive Oxygen Species and Hair Follicle Stem Cell Dysfunction.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Life-Course Regulation of Health and Disease by Nitric Oxide: Mechanistic Insights.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Chronification of Pain.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric Silk-PVDF hydrogel reprograms the osteoimmune microenvironment via NRF2 signaling for accelerated bone regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Platelet Autophagy as a Druggable Intracellular Pathway: Therapeutic Opportunities in Thromboinflammatory Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important component of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, intracellular infections, dysbiosis and degenerative diseases. An important element of this state is the mainly positive feedback between inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), increased intracellular calcium, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stabilisation and mitochondrial oxidative stress, which, under normal conditions, enhance the response against pathogens. Autophagy and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response are mainly negatively coupled with the above-mentioned elements to maintain the defence response at a level appropriate to the severity of the infection. The current review is the first attempt to build a multidimensional model of cellular self-regulation of chronic inflammation. It describes the feedbacks involved in the inflammatory response and explains the possible pathways by which inflammation becomes chronic. The multiplicity of positive feedbacks suggests that symptomatic treatment of chronic inflammation should focus on inhibiting multiple positive feedbacks to effectively suppress all dysregulated elements including inflammation, oxidative stress, calcium stress, mito-stress and other metabolic disturbances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.