Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40266211›Full record

ReviewVaccines2025

Comparative Analysis of Health Economic Evaluations for Different Influenza Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies in China: A Systematic Review.

Fanxu Kong, Li Cai, Jiayi Zhang, Huijie Zhu, Zhibin Peng, Jiandong Zheng, Yaming Zheng, Hai Fang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Fanxu KongChinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Li CaiDivision of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Jiayi ZhangDivision of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Huijie ZhuDivision of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Zhibin PengDivision of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Jiandong ZhengDivision of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Yaming ZhengDivision of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Hai FangChina Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study systematically reviews health economic evaluations of influenza vaccines in China and synthesizes the evidence on different vaccine categories.

methodsWe searched databases, including the China Hospital Knowledge Database, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, for studies on the health economics of influenza vaccines in China from 2015 to 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, and relevant data were extracted for analysis. The research utilized a parameter, ICER/threshold, defined as the ICER divided by the GDP per capita, to compare the results of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) studies.

resultsA total of 1743 articles were identified, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. These included 19 Chinese studies and 6 English studies. Study populations were predominantly older adults (52.0%), followed by children, adolescents, people with chronic disease, and pregnant women. Vaccination strategies included trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV), quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), and non-vaccination groups. For TIV, 94.7% reported positive cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit results, with 21.1% identifying it as the most dominant strategy. For QIV, six studies compared it with a non-vaccinated group, and five (83.3%) reported favorable economic results. The study on LAIV showed cost-effectiveness compared to no vaccination, but not compared to QIV. The ICER threshold for TIV is the most favorable, and the population that exhibits the highest cost-effectiveness and benefit from vaccination is those people with underlying health conditions.

conclusionsTIV vaccination is often cost-effective, especially for people with chronic diseases, children, and older adults. Prioritizing TIV vaccination for those people with chronic diseases is recommended.

Indexed as

Chinahealth economic evaluationinfluenza vaccinesystematic review

Identifiers

PMID40266211
PMCPMC11946278

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.