Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40269858›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

The struggles of breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants: a qualitative study.

Ling Chen, Yanyan Shang, Xuqi Tian, Yingjuan Huang, Yu Sun, Chunhua Fu, Jinbing Bai, Yanqun Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ling Chen *Center for Women's and Children's Health Research, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Yanyan Shang *Department of neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Xuqi TianCenter for Women's and Children's Health Research, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Yingjuan HuangCenter for Women's and Children's Health Research, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Yu SunCenter for Women's and Children's Health Research, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Chunhua FuDepartment of neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Jinbing BaiNell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing,Emory University , 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Yanqun LiuCenter for Women's and Children's Health Research, Research Center for Lifespan Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China. liuyanqun1984@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreast milk, with its rich bioactive components and numerous maternal and infant health benefits, is globally recommended as the ideal food for babies, especially premature infants. With the elevated incidence of premature births, suboptimal breastfeeding rates are detrimental, especially considering numerous efforts to promote breastfeeding. The reasons for breastfeeding cessation remain unclear. This study utilizes the social-ecological system theory to explore reasons for the cessation of breastfeeding among mothers of premature infants in China.

methodsAn interpretive phenomenological research design was implemented in Wuhan. Through purposive sampling, 14 mothers of premature infants who had discontinued breastfeeding were recruited in Wuhan, China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data guided by an interview outline developed by the theoretical framework. Content analysis was applied to analyze the interview data.

resultsThe overarching theme of this study was: "On the journey of breastfeeding, who will hold up the sky for me?" This theme encapsulated the multifaceted challenges faced by mothers before discontinuing breastfeeding and their urgent need for comprehensive support. For these mothers, breastfeeding represented not only a physiological challenge but also a significant psychological and emotional burden. The analysis identified three primary categories: Microsystems-the challenges of breastfeeding and adaptation barriers; Mesosystems-dysfunctional support systems within families and hospitals; and Macrosystems-insufficient social support systems.

conclusionsMothers of premature infants experienced weakened breastfeeding support systems, highlighting the need for (1) Enhancing psychological support and targeted breastfeeding guidance for mothers of preterm infants; (2) Establishing an evidence-based, coordinated support system that integrates hospital and family networks; (3) Strengthening monitoring and enforcement mechanisms for birth policies, enhancing breastfeeding facilities in public spaces, and improving the capacity for breastfeeding education and promotion within communities.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingInfant, PrematureMothersAdaptation, PsychologicalAdultChinaFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornQualitative ResearchSocial SupportCausesCeased breastfeedingExperiencePretermQualitative study

Identifiers

PMID40269858
PMCPMC12020087

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.