ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Xinmaitong formula for type 2 diabetes mellitus via GLP-1R signaling.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Systems-level molecular and immunological evidence identifies Th17/Treg modulation as a key mechanism of CRSJ's neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
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Abstract
Introduction: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory posits that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) characterized by Qi and Yin deficiency, is associated with elevated blood lipid levels. The Xinmaitong formula (XMT) is a folk remedy believed to lower blood lipid levels. However, the functional components and molecular mechanisms through which XMT exerts its anti-diabetic effects remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of XMT in the treatment of T2DM, focusing on the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling pathway. Methods: A TCM formula that promotes GLP-1R expression was screened using a GLP-1R promoter-dependent luciferase reporter gene vector (PGL3-GLP-1R-luc). The T2DM mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum biochemical parameters and insulin levels were also assessed. Organ pathology in mice was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Immunofluorescence (IF) was employed to observe changes in insulin and GLP-1R expression in the pancreas of mice. The effects of medicated serum on Min6 cell growth were examined using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A Min6 cell injury model was established to detect cAMP and Ca Results: Luciferase reporter constructs driven by GLP-1R promoter response elements analysis identified that TCM formula XMT promoted GLP-1R expression. Conclusion: XMT exerts hypoglycemic effects by upregulating GLP-1R gene expression, enhancing GLP-1R protein synthesis, and subsequently promoting cAMP release. This process activates Ca
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