Observational studyFarmaceuticos comunitarios2025
[Inhaled Respiratory Therapy and Global Warming].
Observational study in Farmaceuticos comunitarios, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) propellants used in current pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) act as potent greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. The objective of this study is to analyse the type and pattern of use of inhaler use in the Galician population, as well as to assess its impact on the carbon footprint. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study conducted in the autonomous community of Galicia in 2023. It included patients receiving pharmaceutical care from the Galician Health Service (SERGAS) who are being treated with bronchial inhalers for the management of their respiratory conditions. Results: A total of 1.711.344 inhaler units were dispensed, equivalent to a carbon footprint of 15.247.142 kg CO2eq. pMDIs accounted for 43,17% (738.707) of the units dispensed in 2023, corresponding to almost 95,43% of the carbon footprint emitted by inhalers, with HFA-134a being the most used propellant (669.907 units). Conclusions: pMDIs contribute to global warming, generating nearly the entire carbon footprint emitted by inhalers used in respiratory therapy. SERGAS has implemented several strategies to reduce the environmental impact caused by pMDIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.