Evidence mapPaperPMID 40280555Full record

SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2025

Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review.

Tuan Duong, Quita Olsen, Anish Menon, Leanna Woods, Wenyong Wang, Marlien Varnfield, Lee Jiang, Clair Sullivan

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tuan DuongQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5202-757X
Quita OlsenQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0009-0007-1451-8408
Anish MenonQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8176-0292
Leanna WoodsQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4811-4608
Wenyong WangQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2784-3994
Marlien VarnfieldAustralian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4848-0181
Lee JiangQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0009-0009-2509-6479
Clair SullivanQueensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2475-9989

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDigital health interventions (DHIs) have rapidly evolved and significantly revolutionized the health care system. The quadruple aims of health care (improving population health, enhancing consumer experience, enhancing health care provider [HCP] experience, and decreasing health costs) serve as a strategic guiding framework for DHIs. It is unknown how DHIs can impact the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as measured by the quadruple aims.

objectiveThis study aimed to systematically review the effects of DHIs on improving the burden of T2DM, as measured by the quadruple aims.

methodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for studies published from January 2014 to March 2024. Primary outcomes were the development of T2DM, hemoglobin A

resultsIn total, 53 papers were included. For the T2DM development outcome, the effects of DHIs were positive in 1 (1.9%) study and neutral in 9 (17%) studies, and there were insufficient data to assess in 4 (7.5%) studies. For the dysglycemia outcome, the effects were positive in 23 (43.4%) studies and neutral in 24 (45.3%) studies, and there were insufficient data in 6 (11.3%) studies. There were mixed effects on consumer experience (n=13, 24.5%) and a lack of studies reporting HCP experience (n=1, 1.9%) and health care costs (n=3, 5.7%). All studies that reported positive population health outcomes used a minimum of 2 distinct categories of DHIs. Among these successful studies, the one that reported delaying the development of T2DM and 16 (69.6%) of those reporting improvements in dysglycemia involved HCP interaction. Targeted communication with persons (TCP), personal health tracking (PHT), and telemedicine (TM) showed some evidence as a potentially useful tool for T2DM prevention and dysglycemia.

conclusionsThe effects of DHIs on T2DM prevention, as measured by the quadruple aims, have not been comprehensively assessed, with proven benefits for population health, mixed results for consumer experience, and insufficient studies on HCP experience and health care costs. To maximize their effectiveness in preventing T2DM and managing dysglycemia, DHIs should be used in combination and strategically integrated with in-person or remote HCP interaction.

trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42024512690; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024512690.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Blood GlucoseDigital HealthGlycated HemoglobinHealth Care CostsHumansTelemedicineBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobindigital healthdigital health interventionprediabetespreventPRISMAtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40280555
PMCPMC12064978

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.