Evidence mapPaperPMID 40282217Full record

ReviewBiology2025

Factors Contributing to the High Malignancy Level of Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Epidemiology: Literature Review and Data.

Xuan Li, Renchu Guan, Shuangquan Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xuan LiKey Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.ORCID 0009-0007-6853-5668
Renchu GuanKey Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Shuangquan ZhangSchool of Cyber Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9245-5982

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 62302218
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CCA is a highly desmoplastic malignant cancer and is the second most common primary liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for approximately 15% of all primary liver tumors. CCA has a poor prognosis, with an average five-year survival rate of 9%, which is lower than that of pancreatic cancer. Although considerable efforts have been invested into the genomics, epigenetics, and risk factors, very little is known about what might have been the key causes for the high malignancy level of CCA. In this review, we analyze the incidence and mortality of CCA in different regions based on data from 1994 to 2022 obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), discuss the current status of treatment of the disease, and focus on what might be the main factors contributing to the high malignancy level of CCA: alkalosis caused by the Fenton reaction, hypoxia, and the TIME. The review includes studies published from 1979 to 2024, aiming to provide an updated synthesis of basic early classical theoretical knowledge and current knowledge about CCA. By revealing the epidemiological characteristics of CCA, the potential mechanisms of high malignancy, and the current challenges of treatment, this review aims to provide new directions for future cancer research, promote the development of personalized treatment strategies, and facilitate a deeper understanding and the more effective management of CCA worldwide.

Indexed as

alkalosischolangiocarcinomaFenton reactionhypoxiamalignancy leveltumor immune microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40282217
PMCPMC12025278

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.