ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Leptin and Insulin in COPD: Unveiling the Metabolic-Inflammatory Axis-A Narrative Review.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Peptide Hormones in Appetite Regulation: A Complex Network.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Incidence and disease burden of bronchiectasis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based study in Korea.RMD open · 2026Article
- Leptin Receptor b (LEPRb) Mutations Disrupt Hypothalamic Control of the Reproductive Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association of C-Reactive Protein-Triglyceride Glucose Index With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From the NHANES and CHARLS Cohorts.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Accelerates Early Onset and Severity of COPD: Evidence from a Multicenter Study in Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mastocyte Inflammation: A Comparative Study of COPD Associated with Tobacco Smoking and Wood Smoke Exposure.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating condition characterized by airflow limitations and systemic inflammation. The interaction between the metabolic and inflammatory pathways plays a key role in disease progression, with leptin and insulin emerging as pivotal metabolic regulators. Leptin, an adipokine that regulates energy homeostasis, and insulin, the primary regulator of glucose metabolism, are both altered in COPD patients. This narrative review provides an in-depth examination of the roles of leptin and insulin in COPD pathogenesis, focusing on the molecular mechanisms through which these metabolic regulators interact with inflammatory pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to a spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations. These disturbances not only exacerbate COPD symptoms but also increase the risk of comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or muscle wasting. By exploring the underlying mechanisms of leptin and insulin dysregulation in COPD, this review underscores the significance of the metabolic-inflammatory axis, suggesting that restoring metabolic balance through leptin and insulin modulation could offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.