ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A New Paradigm in Clinical Medicine or Going Back to Basics?
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Frailty index and type 2 diabetes with renal complications: insights from Mendelian randomization and retrospective observational study.Renal failure · 2026Observational
- Protective Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) on Liver Function: Results From MELD Analysis in Surgical Revascularization-A Preliminary Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Metabolic Indices of Atherogenicity, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation (AIP, TyG, and CTI) and the Risk of Renal Function Decline in Early-Stage CKM Syndrome: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in diabetes: risk sensing and receptor-resolved targeting.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Baseline versus cumulative cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and stroke risk in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: evidence from the CHARLS study.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Associations of Dietary Patterns and Micronutrients With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Among Populations With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 0-3: Results From Two Prospective Cohorts.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Targeting Inflammation in Obesity and the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Spectrum: A Narrative Review.Obesity facts · 2026Review
- Optimizing early triage for subclinical cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: longitudinal associations, incremental value, and clinical utility of nine insulin resistance surrogates.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- TyG Index and Frailty as Composite Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Mortality Across CKM Stages 0-3.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Integrating inflammation, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity: the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose-Chinese visceral adiposity (CTI-CVAI) index is associated with cardiovascular disease risk across CKM stages 0-3 in a nationwide prospective cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Across Clinical Profiles of Cardiorenal-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Phenotype-Driven Therapeutic Approach.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Cardiorenal Protective Effects of Finerenone in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Implementing sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a multidisciplinary expert perspective.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Review
- Associations of nine insulin resistance-related indices with the incidence and progression of cardiovascular-liver-metabolic multimorbidity: a large prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- CVOT Summit Report 2025: advances along the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease continuum.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Wise Prescriptions: Prevalence and Predictors of Polypharmacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3 and cognitive decline in Chinese adults: a longitudinal analysis from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Age-stratified genomic analyses reveal population-specific genetic determinants of exceptional longevity in Taiwan.GeroScience · 2026Article
- From Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM): A Clinical and Pathophysiological Continuum.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Influence of Phenotypes on Short-Term Outcomes in Hospitalized Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction-Insights from a North-Eastern Romanian Cohort.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases are pathophysiologically interdependent, posing a significant global health challenge and being associated with a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality. In 2023, the American Heart Association (AHA) defined this complex network of interconnected health conditions as the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This syndrome is based on common pathophysiological mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and neurohormonal dysfunction, which trigger a vicious cycle where the impairment of one organ contributes to the progressive deterioration of the others. An integrated approach to these conditions, rather than treating them as separate entities, supports a holistic management strategy that helps to reduce the burden on public health and improve patients' quality of life. Existing management focuses on lifestyle modification, glycemic and lipid control, and the use of nephroprotective and cardioprotective therapies. This narrative review aims to synthesize and contextualize existing information on the complex interactions between these systems and on diagnostic approaches, as well as to provide an overview of the available therapeutic options.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.