Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40283799›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025

Barriers and Facilitators of Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Middle-Income Country: A Qualitative Study from China.

Ying Zou, Sarah Janus, Jiamin Du, Ning Qu, Karel Zuidema, Huibert Burger, Kees Ahaus, Zhigang Guo, Sytse Zuidema

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ying ZouDepartment of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0008-1352-8599
Sarah JanusDepartment of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0419-4407
Jiamin DuDepartment of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5968-3120
Ning QuDepartment of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Karel ZuidemaCenter for Accounting, Auditing & Control, Nyenrode Business University, 3621BG Breukelen, The Netherlands.
Huibert BurgerDepartment of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6484-0349
Kees AhausErasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9973-3746
Zhigang GuoDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300300, China.
Sytse ZuidemaDepartment of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4991-9507

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough effective and recommended by guidelines worldwide, Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) remains scarce and underutilized. CR implementation has taken place in middle-income countries, but the progress is influenced by both positive and negative factors that remain underexplored. This study identified the barriers and facilitators of CR in a middle-income country, specifically China.

methodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews.

resultsFifteen CR stakeholders were interviewed. According to the interviewees, the delivery of CR is impeded due to a lack of resources, a lack of CR professionals, and a lack of coordination between health institutions. The participation of CR is hindered by a lack of awareness, a lack of reimbursement, and a lack of access to CR. However, the interviewees also mentioned facilitating factors, namely, a positive attitude of stakeholders, high motivation of some patients, and policy support.

conclusionsMore awareness regarding the effectiveness of CR is needed. Implementing CR in secondary and primary health institutions could overcome the barriers regarding travel distance and transportation to faraway hospitals. The CR reimbursement methods are needed to ease the financial burden on patients. Our findings reveal factors that need to be considered by policymakers to deliver CR on a wider scale in China.

Indexed as

Cardiac RehabilitationHealth Services AccessibilityChinaFemaleHumansMaleQualitative Researchaccess to carebarrierscardiac rehabilitationfacilitatorshealthcare delivery

Identifiers

PMID40283799
PMCPMC12026694

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.