Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40284191›Full record

ReviewNutrients2025

Breastfeeding: The Multifaceted Impact on Child Development and Maternal Well-Being.

Aleksandra Purkiewicz, Kamila J Regin, Wajeeha Mumtaz, Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aleksandra PurkiewiczDepartment of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5065-0381
Kamila J ReginDepartment of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
Wajeeha MumtazDepartment of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0009-0003-2253-5567
Renata Pietrzak-FiećkoDepartment of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0754-0806

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breastfeeding is recognized as the gold standard in infant nutrition, providing necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development. Beyond its nutritional function, breastfeeding has numerous benefits for both mother and child. This literature review examines the effects of breastfeeding on the development of the nervous and immune systems, its influence on cognitive development, and the impact of stress on lactation. In addition, it explores the emotional effects of breastfeeding on mothers, the challenges associated with exclusive breastfeeding, and the process of weaning along with its implications for both mother and infant. It is indicated that stress significantly affects lactation regulation, with elevated cortisol levels potentially disrupting hormonal balance. Furthermore, the essential roles of oxytocin, sialic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in infant brain development and cognitive functions are highlighted. Breastfeeding is associated with the regulation of the baby's sleep through the effects of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin, which at the same time provide the baby with a sense of security with the mother. It is indicated that women who breastfeed are less likely to suffer from mental health problems and are at a lower risk of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The weaning process is often a difficult time for mother and child; thus, it should be introduced gradually to minimize stress, anxiety, and potential mood disturbances in the mother.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingChild DevelopmentMothersCognitionFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaLactationStress, PsychologicalWeaningbreastfeedinginfancylactationpsychology

Identifiers

PMID40284191
PMCPMC12030032

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.