ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2025
Cell-type-specific and inflammatory DNA methylation patterns associated with PTSD.
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Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- nanoASM: Long-Read Allele-Specific DNA Methylation Profiling Enables Functional Annotation of Regulatory Noncoding Variants in Human Prostate Tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Differential DNA Methylation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene is Observed after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Compared with Orthopedic Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Epigenomic alterations in psychiatric disorders and glioblastoma.Epigenomics · 2026Review
- Epigenetic aging acceleration among World Trade Center-exposed community members.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
53 authors.
Alicia K SmithEmory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory University, Department of Human Genetics, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: alicia.smith@emory.edu.
Seyma KatrinliEmory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Adam X MaihoferUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
Allison E AielloColumbia University, Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY, USA.
Dewleen G BakerUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Marco P BoksAmsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, NH, Netherland; Dimence Specialised Mental Health, Mood Disorders, Deventer, OV, Netherland; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department Psychiatry, Utrecht, UT, Netherland.
Leslie A BrickAlpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA.
Chia-Yen ChenBiogen Inc., Translational Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Shareefa DalvieUniversity of Cape Town, Division of Human Genetics, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa.
Negar FaniEmory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Catherine B FortierHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Translational Research Center for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), Boston, MA, USA.
Joel GelernterVA Connecticut Healthcare Center, Psychiatry Service, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA.
Elbert GeuzeNetherlands Ministry of Defence, Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Utrecht, UT, Netherland; UMC Utrecht Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, UT, Netherland.
Charles F GillespieEmory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jasmeet P HayesThe Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA.
Suzi HongUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ronald C KesslerHarvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Boston, MA, USA.
Anthony P KingThe Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nastassja KoenUniversity of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa; University of Cape Town, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa.
Karestan C KoenenBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Boston, MA, USA.
Israel LiberzonTexas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bryan, TX, USA.
Sarah D LinnstaedtUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute for Trauma Recovery, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Samuel A McLeanUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute for Trauma Recovery, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Vasiliki MichopoulosEmory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
William P MilbergHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Translational Research Center for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), Boston, MA, USA.
Mark W MillerBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA.
Mary S MuffordUniversity of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa.
Nicole R NugentAlpert Brown Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Brown Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA.
Holly K OrcuttNorthern Illinois University, Department of Psychology, DeKalb, IL, USA.
Abigail PowersEmory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sheila A M RauchEmory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Joseph Maxwell Cleland Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kerry J ResslerEmory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, USA.
Victoria B RisbroughUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
Bart P F RuttenBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherland.
Jordan W SmollerBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
Dan J SteinUniversity of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa; University of Cape Town, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa.
Murray B SteinUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, School of Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
Robert J UrsanoUniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Mieke H VerfaellieBoston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Eric VermettenLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, ZH, Netherland; New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
Christiaan H VinkersAmsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, NH, Netherland; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Holland, Netherland; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep Program, Amsterdam, NH, Netherland.
Agaz H WaniUniversity of South Florida College of Public Health, Genomics Program, Tampa, FL, USA.
Erin B WareVinkersUniversity of Michigan, Survey Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Derek E WildmanBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA.
Erika J WolfBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA.
Ying ZhaoUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute for Trauma Recovery, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Mark W LogueBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Stress Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Caroline M NievergeltUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
Monica UddinUniversity of South Florida College of Public Health, Genomics Program, Tampa, FL, USA.
Anthony S ZannasUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute for Trauma Recovery, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Stress Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
PGC-PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup
PsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics Project
Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group
Funding
Neuro HPA Project 1U54AG062334 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Cecile Delille Lahiri, Vasiliki Michopoulos · 2018 to 2026
$12.2MPsychiatric Genomics Consortium for PTSDR01MH106595 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KARESTAN C KOENEN, Caroline M Nievergelt · 2016 to 2026
$8.4MThe Impact of Traumatic Stress on the Methylome: implications for PTSDR01MH108826 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LOGUE, MARK W, NIEVERGELT, CAROLINE M · 2016 to 2024
$5.8MEpigenomic Predictors of PTSD and Traumatic Stress in an African American CohortR01MD011728 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI AIELLO, ALLISON E, UDDIN, MONICA · 2017 to 2025
$5.7MTrauma and Genomics Modulate Brain Structure across Common Psychiatric DisordersR01MH111671 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MARK W LOGUE, RAJENDRA A MOREY · 2017 to 2026
$4.4MEmory University BIRCWH ProgramK12HD085850 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI OFOTOKUN, IGHOVWERHA, STERK, CLAIRE E · 2015 to 2023
$4.4MBiomarkers, Social and Affective Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in AdolescentsR01MH105379 · NIMH · RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL · PI NUGENT, NICOLE R · 2015 to 2019
$3.3MNeuroimaging and Molecular Markers of AD and Neurodegenerative Disease after ConcussionR01AG058822 · NIA · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Jasmeet Pannu Hayes · 2019 to 2026
$2.7MBiomarkers for Posttraumatic Stress in Women Following a Campus Mass ShootingR15MH099521 · NIMH · NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY · PI ORCUTT, HOLLY K · 2012 to 2012
$403kRisk and Protective Factors for Adjustment of College Women After a Mass ShootingR21MH085436 · NIMH · NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY · PI ORCUTT, HOLLY K · 2008 to 2009
$352kSexual Revictimization: Affect Regulation as a Mediator (AREA)R15HD049907 · NICHD · NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY · PI ORCUTT, HOLLY K · 2006 to 2006
$218kBLRD VA I01 BX003477BLRD VA I21 BX005872BLRD VA IK2 BX006536BLRD VA IK6 BX006186CSRD VA I01 CX001276CSRD VA IK2 CX002343NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058822NIA NIH HHS U54 AG062334NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD085850NICHD NIH HHS R15 HD049907NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD011728NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105379NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106595NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH108826NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111671NIMH NIH HHS R15 MH099521NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH085436
Abstract
backgroundEpigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation (DNAm), can change in response to traumatic stress exposure, and may help to distinguish between individuals with and without PTSD. Here, we examine the DNAm patterns specific to immune cell types and inflammation in those with PTSD.
methodsThis study includes 3,277 participants from 11 cohorts participating in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup. DNAm was assayed from blood with the MethylationEPIC BeadChip. A standardized QC pipeline was applied and used to impute cell composition. Within each cohort, we identified cell-type-specific DNAm patterns associated with PTSD, controlling for sex (if applicable), age, and ancestry. Meta-analyses were performed from summary statistics.
resultsPTSD cases had lower proportions of B cells and NK cells as well as higher proportions of neutrophils when compared to trauma-exposed controls. Overall, we identified 96 PTSD-associated CpGs across six types of immune cells. Most of these differences were identified in B cells, with 95 % exhibiting lower methylation levels in those with PTSD. Interestingly, the PTSD-associated CpGs annotated to a gene in B cells were enriched in a recent GWAS of PTSD (p < 0.0001).
conclusionsThis study identifies novel PTSD-associated CpGs in individual immune cell types and supports the role of immune dysregulation and inflammation in PTSD.
Indexed as
DNA MethylationStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultB-LymphocytesCohort StudiesCpG IslandsEpigenesis, GeneticFemaleHumansInflammationKiller Cells, NaturalMaleMiddle AgedNeutrophilsB-cellsCRPDNA methylationEWASImmuneInflammationPTSDTrauma
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